The Government of Pakistan strongly supports public–private partnership (PPP) initiatives. From 1990 to 2019, Pakistan witnessed 108 financially closed PPP projects, with a total investment of approximately $28.4 billion. About 88% of these projects are in the energy sector, attracting more than $24.7billion, followed by investments in the port sector. In early 2021, Parliament approved the amendments to the 2017 PPP Law, enacting the Public Private Partnership Authority (Amendment) Act 2021. This further strengthens the enabling legal and regulatory framework for developing and implementing PPPs, thereby promoting private sector investment in public infrastructure and related services.

The public-private partnership (PPP) market in Papua New Guinea is at a nascent stage having witnessed only six financially closed PPPs with an investment of $433 million, predominantly in the energy sector. The very few PPPs in the country stem from the lack of a robust PPP enabling framework, limited public sector capacities to design and manage PPPs, and constrained ability of the government to fund infrastructure development. Realizing the critical role of PPPs in helping achieve the country’s infrastructure investment target, the government is now implementing the PPP Act of 2014 and setting up PPP-enabling institutions.

The Government of Kazakhstan considers public-private partnership (PPP) as an important source of infrastructure funding and service delivery; thus, it continues to improve the legal mechanisms of PPP, develop its institutional setup, and structure pilot projects. PPP has been employed at the central and local government levels to deliver economic and social infrastructure including education, healthcare, transport, power, housing, and public utilities. However, many of these projects are small-scale and short-term. Kazakhstan has adopted the Law on Concessions defining the concept of PPP and a separate PPP Law. The government has established a two-tier institutional structure to support the deployment of PPPs—on the national and the regional level. The most prominent of them are the PPP Center, acting as the adviser to the government, Turar Healthcare and Financial Center, assisting with project development.

This publication provides a snapshot of the overall public–private partnership (PPP) landscape in Indonesia. It includes more than 500 qualitative and quantitative indicators to profile the national PPP environment, the sector-specific PPP landscape (for eight identified infrastructure sectors), and the PPP landscape for local government projects. This downloadable guide also captures the critical macroeconomic and infrastructure sector indicators (including the Ease of Doing Business scores) from globally accepted sources. Through Presidential Regulation 38/2015, the cornerstone of the country’s robust PPP enabling framework, Indonesia expects PPPs to continue playing a pivotal role to achieve its infrastructure investment target of $429 billion for 2020–2024 and mobilize 59% of this value from the private sector.

This publication presents a detailed overview of the current state of the public–private partnership (PPP) environment in the Philippines. In over three decades, the country developed a robust public–private partnership (PPP) enabling framework through the Build-Operate-Transfer Law of 2012 and the PPP Center. Among developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines has a relatively mature market that has witnessed 116 financially closed PPPs. Under the government’s 2017–2022 Development Plan that has an infrastructure investment target of $180 billion, PPPs are expected to play a pivotal role in financing national and subnational infrastructure investments. With a pipeline of 37 PPPs, the government is taking various steps to further improve the environment for PPPs.

This publication contains a detailed overview of Bangladesh’s public–private partnership (PPP) landscape, assesses its progress, and explains how well-structured deals can help climate-proof its infrastructure and maintain growth. Designed as a one-stop source of information on Bangladesh’s relatively mature PPP sector, it assesses over 500 qualitative and quantitative indicators, and shows how strengthening institutional frameworks has encouraged investments in core sectors such as ports, energy, and transportation. It explores how Bangladesh now needs to ramp up regulation and tighten contractual frameworks to generate more\ long-term financing and fill the funding gap it faces as demand for climate-resilient infrastructure rises.

This book describes the nature of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector in Vietnam. It defines health-related PPPs, describes their key characteristics, and develops a taxonomy of the different types of PPPs that exist in practice, illustrated by international examples. It also assesses the regulatory and institutional framework for the health PPP program in Vietnam, as well as financing and accountability mechanisms for PPPs at its national and subnational levels. It provides an overview of the PPP project pipeline in Vietnam and analyzes important issues in the health PPPs’ design, preparation, and implementation, using eight case studies involving projects in different phases of the project cycle. This book also examines barriers that have hampered the successful design and implementation of health care PPPs in Vietnam. These barriers may be broadly categorized as barriers in the PPP policy and regulatory framework, in the public sector, in the private sector, and in the financial sector. It proposes feasible and actionable recommendations so that the government can consider tackling the identified barriers and advance the successful design and implementation of health PPPs.