The public-private partnership (PPP) market in Papua New Guinea is at a nascent stage having witnessed only six financially closed PPPs with an investment of $433 million, predominantly in the energy sector. The very few PPPs in the country stem from the lack of a robust PPP enabling framework, limited public sector capacities to design and manage PPPs, and constrained ability of the government to fund infrastructure development. Realizing the critical role of PPPs in helping achieve the country’s infrastructure investment target, the government is now implementing the PPP Act of 2014 and setting up PPP-enabling institutions.

This publication provides an overview of the public-private partnership (PPP) market in Papua New Guinea. It explores the PPP Act implementation in line with financing and investment opportunities in the country. Papua New Guinea has witnessed six financially closed projects with an investment of $433 million and predominantly in the energy sector. The lack of a robust enabling framework along with limited public sector capacities and funding need to be addressed. The government is implementing the PPP Act of 2014 and setting up enabling institutions to increase financing and investment opportunities considering the critical role of PPPs in helping achieve the country's infrastructure investment target.

The Government of Pakistan strongly supports public–private partnership (PPP) initiatives. From 1990 to 2019, Pakistan witnessed 108 financially closed PPP projects, with a total investment of approximately $28.4 billion. About 88% of these projects are in the energy sector, attracting more than $24.7billion, followed by investments in the port sector. In early 2021, Parliament approved the amendments to the 2017 PPP Law, enacting the Public Private Partnership Authority (Amendment) Act 2021. This further strengthens the enabling legal and regulatory framework for developing and implementing PPPs, thereby promoting private sector investment in public infrastructure and related services.

The first edition of the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) Monitor tracks the development of the PPP business environment as well as the challenges of doing PPPs in nine of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB): Bangladesh, the People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It is divided into four main categories: Regulatory Framework, Institutional Capacity for Implementation, PPP Market Maturity, and Financial Facilities. The PPP Monitor aims to increase the level and quality of private sector participation in infrastructure in the ADB's DMCs by serving as an active platform for dialogue between the public and private sectors.

Investment in infrastructure can be a driving force of the economic recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of shrinking fiscal space. Public-private partnerships (PPP) bring a promise of efficiency when carefully designed and managed, to avoid creating unnecessary fiscal risks. But fiscal illusions prevent an understanding the sources of fiscal risks, which arise in all infrastructure projects, and that in PPPs present specific characteristics that need to be addressed. PPP contracts are also affected by implicit fiscal risks when they are poorly designed, particularly when a government signs a PPP contract for a project with no financial sustainability. This paper reviews the advantages and inconveniences of PPPs, discusses the fiscal illusions affecting them, identifies a diversity of fiscal risks, and presents the essentials of PPP fiscal risk management.

The book offers an overview of international examples, studies, and guidelines on how to create successful partnerships in education. PPPs can facilitate service delivery and lead to additional financing for the education sector as well as expanding equitable access and improving learning outcomes.