This book explores the treatment of junevile offenders in modern Western history. The last few decades have witnessed major debates over youth justice policies. Juvenile and youth justice legislation has been reviewed in a number of countries. Despite the fact that new perspectives, such as restorative justice, have emerged, the debates have largely focused on issues that bring us back to the inception of juvenile justice: namely whether youth justice ought to be more akin to punitive adult criminal justice, or more sensitive to the welfare of youths. This issue has been at the core of policy choices that have given juvenile justice its orientations since the beginning of the twentieth century. It also gave shape to the evolution that paved the way for the creation of juvenile courts in the nineteenth century. Understanding those early debates is essential if we are to understand current debates, and place them into perspective. Based on primary archival research, this comprehensive study begins by presenting the roots, birth and evolution of juvenile justice, from the nineteenth century up to the beginning of the twenty-first. The second part deals with nineteenth century responses to juvenile delinquency in England and Canada, while the third focuses on the welfare orientation that characterized juvenile courts in the first half of the twentieth century in Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Finally, the fourth part focuses on the perspective of the youths and their families in Belgium, France and Canada.

L’intervention publique dans l’intimité de la famille caractérise les relations de l’État et de la famille dans l’époque moderne, dont le propre est le dédoublement des espaces privé et public articulés autour de l’enfant dès lors que celui-ci est retiré de l’espace commun. Mais elle est souvent analysée du point de vue des rapports de force entre les acteurs plutôt que du point de vue de ce qui les réunit. En partant des relations contractuelles entre parents et services de l’Aide sociale à l’enfance (ASE), ce travail analyse l’évolution des rapports familles-institutions au prisme du statut de l’enfance et de son évolution au cours du temps. Une étude socio-historique sur la base de dossiers de protection administrative de l’ASE depuis les années 1960 doublée, pour la période contemporaine, d’entretiens avec des parents, permet de retracer les évolutions d’un travail négocié avec la famille. La recherche fait apparaître que l’enfant prend de plus en plus une place d’acteur dans sa propre protection selon son évolution en âge et en discernement, évolution qui pourrait bien comporter un revers rendant l’enfant acteur du danger qu’il encourt au même titre que de la protection à laquelle il a droit. Nous montrons ici que si l’enfance moderne s’est construite sur l’idée d’un temps et d’un espace spécifiques consacrés à une éducation à l’écart des adultes, loin d’être unifiée, l’enfance contemporaine se voit accéder à un statut inédit qui questionne autant l’éducation familiale qu’institutionnelle. De nouveaux modes de socialisation se font jour dans un renouveau du mélange des âges sans qu’il soit sûr que l’expérience concrète et la spécificité de l’enfant y soient réellement prises en compte. L’articulation des sphères publique et privée se recompose autour de l’enfant : dans le face-à-face des parents et des institutions, la société civile pourrait prendre une place de tiers renforcée.

Ib. Child labour in society

The transition from care into adulthood is a difficult step for any young person, but young people leaving care have a high risk of social exclusion, both in terms of material disadvantage and marginalisation. In Young People's Transitions from Care to Adulthood leading academics gather together the latest international research relating to the transition of young people leaving care, outlining and comparing the range of legal and policy frameworks, welfare regimes and innovative practice across 16 countries. The book also highlights the variations that exist between different groups leaving care. Featuring key messages for policy and practice, this book will give academics, practitioners and policymakers valuable insights into how to encourage resilience and improve outcomes for care leavers.

This Child-Friendly Schools (CFS) Manual was developed during three-and-a-half years of continuous work, involving the United Nations Children's Fund education staff and specialists from partner agencies working on quality education. It benefits from fieldwork in 155 countries and territories, evaluations carried out by the Regional Offices and desk reviews conducted by headquarters in New York. The manual is a part of a total resource package that includes an e-learning package for capacity-building in the use of CFS models and a collection of field case studies to illustrate the state of the art in child-friendly schools in a variety of settings.

Introduction: Voices of Passion, Voices of Hope / Sharon McKay -- 1. Passion within the First nations School Work Profession / Dexter Kinequon -- 2. Passion, Action, Strength and Innovative Change: The Experience of the Saskatchewan Children's Advocate's Office in Establishing Rights-based "Children and Youth First" Principles / Marvin M. Bernstein and Roxane A. Schury -- 3. From Longing to Belonging: Attachment Theory, Connectedness, and Indigenous Children in canada / Jeannine Carriere and Cathy Richardson -- 4. Jumping through the Hoops: A Manitoba Study Examining Experiences and Reflections of Aboriginal Mothers Involved in Child Welfare in Manitoba / Marlyn Bennett -- 5. Rehearsing with Reality: Exploring Health Issues with Aboriginal Youth Through Drama / Linda Goulet, Jo-Ann Episkenew, Warren Linds and Karen Arnason -- 7. The Moving Forward Project: Working with Refugee Children, Youth and Their Families / Judy White et al. -- 8. Passion for Those Who care: What Foster Carers Need / Rob Twigg -- 9. Children with FASD involved with the Manitoba Child Welfare System: The Need for Passionate Action / Don Fuchs, Linda Burnside, Shelagh Marchenski and Andria Mudry -- 10. Physical Punishment in Childhood: A Human Rights and cxhild Protection Issue / Ailsa M. Watkinson -- 11. Complex Poverty and Home-grown Solutions in Two Prairie cities / Jim Silver [Winnipeg and Saskatoon].