by Joseph Weizenbaum Since the dawn of the age of computers, people have cursed the difficulty of programming. Over and over again we encounter the suggestion that we should be able to communicate to a computer in natural language what we want it to do. Unfortunately, such advice rests upon a misconception of both the computer and its task. The computer might not be stupid, but it is stubborn. That is, the computer does what all the details of its pro gram command it to do, i. e. , what the programmer "tells" it to do. And this can be quite different from what the programmer intended. The misun derstanding with respect to tasks posed to the computer arises from the failure to recognize that such tasks can scarcely be expressed in natural language, if indeed at all. For example, can we practice music, chemistry or mathematics without their respective special symbolic languages? Yet books about computers and programming languages can be written more or less reasonably, even if they are not quite poetic or lyrical. This book can serve as an example of this art and as a model for anyone at tempting to teach inherently difficult subject matters to others. Klagenfurt, April 1995 Preface Striving to make learning to program easier, this book addresses primarily students beginning a computer science major. For our program examples, we employ a new, elegant programming language, Modula-3.

This text is an introduction to programming in general, and a manual for programming with the language Modula-2 in particular. It is oriented primarily towards people who have already acquired some basic knowledge of programming and would like to deepen their understanding in a more structured way. Nevertheless, an introductory chapter is included for the benefit of the beginner, displaying in a concise form some of the fundamental concepts of computers and their programming. The text is therefore also suitable as a self-contained tutorial. The notation used is Modula-2, which lends itself well for a structured approach and leads the student to a working style that has generally become known under the title of structured programming. As a manual for programming in Modula-2, the text covers practically all facilities of that language. Part 1 covers the basic notions of the variable, expression, assignment, conditional and repetitive statement, and array data structure. Together with Part 2 which introduces the important concept of the procedure or subroutine, it contains essentially the material commonly discussed in introductory programming courses. Part 3 concerns data types and structures and constitutes the essence of an advanced course on programming. Part 4 introduces the notion of the module, a concept that is fundamental to the design of larger programmed systems and to programming as team work. The most commonly used utility programs for input and output are presented as examples of modules. And fmally, Part 5 covers facilities for system programming, device handling, and multiprogramming.

This book aims to provide a complete guide for programmers who want to learn how to write correct and maintainable programmes in the Modula-3 programming language - the newest member of the Pascal family of languages. The book describes the complete Modula-3 language, beginning with basics and progressing to more advanced features of the language. Coverage includes the basic language, declaration statements, types and procedures.

Software -- Programming Languages.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Joint Modular Languages Conference, JMLC'97, held in Linz, Austria, in March 1997. The 24 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 55 submissions; also included are full papers of two invited presentations. The book is devoted to languages, techniques, and tools for the development of modular, extensible, and type-safe software systems. Among the programming languages covered are Modula, Oberon, Ada95, Eiffel, Salher, Java, and others. The issues addressed include compiler technology, persistence, data structures, typing, distribution, active objects, real-time programming, inheritance, reflection, languages, etc.

The object oriented paradigm has become one of the dominant forces in the computing world. According to a recent survey, by the year 2000, more than 80% of development organizations are expected to use object technology as the basis for their distributed development strategies. Handbook of Object Technology encompasses the entire spectrum of disciplines and topics related to this rapidly expanding field - outlining emerging technologies, latest advances, current trends, new specifications, and ongoing research. The handbook divides into 13 sections, each containing chapters related to that specific discipline. Up-to-date, non-abstract information provides the reader with practical, useful knowledge - directly applicable to the understanding and improvement of the reader's job or the area of interest related to this technology. Handbook of Object Technology discusses: the processes, notation, and tools for classical OO methodologies as well as information on future methodologies prevalent and emerging OO languages standards and specifications frameworks and patterns databases metrics business objects intranets analysis/design tools client/server application development environments

Introducing modular techniques for building sophisticated programs using Python About This Book The book would help you develop succinct, expressive programs using modular deign The book would explain best practices and common idioms through carefully explained and structured examples It will have broad appeal as far as target audience is concerned and there would be take away for all beginners to Python Who This Book Is For This book is intended for beginner to intermediate level Python programmers who wish to learn how to use modules and packages within their programs. While readers must understand the basics of Python programming, no knowledge of modular programming techniques is required. What You Will Learn Learn how to use modules and packages to organize your Python code Understand how to use the import statement to load modules and packages into your program Use common module patterns such as abstraction and encapsulation to write better programs Discover how to create self-testing Python packages Create reusable modules that other programmers can use Learn how to use GitHub and the Python Package Index to share your code with other people Make use of modules and packages that others have written Use modular techniques to build robust systems that can handle complexity and changing requirements over time In Detail Python has evolved over the years and has become the primary choice of developers in various fields. The purpose of this book is to help readers develop readable, reliable, and maintainable programs in Python. Starting with an introduction to the concept of modules and packages, this book shows how you can use these building blocks to organize a complex program into logical parts and make sure those parts are working correctly together. Using clearly written, real-world examples, this book demonstrates how you can use modular techniques to build better programs. A number of common modular programming patterns are covered, including divide-and-conquer, abstraction, encapsulation, wrappers and extensibility. You will also learn how to test your modules and packages, how to prepare your code for sharing with other people, and how to publish your modules and packages on GitHub and the Python Package Index so that other people can use them. Finally, you will learn how to use modular design techniques to be a more effective programmer. Style and approach This book will be simple and straightforward, focusing on imparting learning through a wide array of examples that the readers can put into use as they read through the book. They should not only be able to understand the way modules help in improving development, but they should also be able to improvise on their techniques of writing concise and effective code.