Cassava. Composition. Toxicity and its detoxification. Processing. of cassava tubers. Gari. Peeling of cassava tubers. Resping or pulping. Fermentation and pressing of cassava pulp. Drying-roasting process. Farinha de mandioca and cassava bread. Cassava rice. Chips and pellets. Cassava chips. Drying of cassava chips. Cassava pellets. Baked cassava products. Cassava starch. Cassava flour. Cassava alchool. Cocoa. physical characteristics of cocoa. compositioon of the cocoa bean. Harvesting and pod breaking. Fermentation of cocoa beans. Drying of cocoa beans. Cocoa powder and chocolate production. Storage. Coconut. Uses of the coconut palm. structure of the coconut fruit. Wet processing of coconut. Composition and chemical and physical properties of coconut oil. Tapping ot the coconut palm. Keeping qualities of copra. Coconut milk extraction. Coconut water. Extracting protein from copra. Use of the coconut husk. Utilization of coconut shell. Desiccated coconut. Classification of coffee. chemical composition and some of the physical properties of the coffee bean. processing of coffee. Processing of coffee by th dry method. Drying and parchment coffee. Roasting of coffee. Uses of groundnut. composition and nutritive and value of groundnut kernels . Storage of groundnuts. Harvesting and shelling of groundnuts. Crushing groundnuts for oil. processing groundnuts into groundnut butter. preparation of salted groundnuts. effect of processing on nutritive value of groundnuts. Classification and production of oil palm. Composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil . Basic principles for processing of oil palm fruit. Traditional methods of extraction of palm oil. improved methods of extraction of palm oil Hand-operated and engine-driven presses. Extraction of pal kernel oil. The quality of palm oil and kernels. palm wine production. Main utilization of maize. Composition of maize. Processing of maize. Maize oil. Corn flakes. Main utilization of sorghum and millet. Chemical composition. Structure and physical properties of sorghum and millet. Traditional milling. Processing of sorghum for starch. Use of composites of sorghum or millet flour in bread making. Malting and brewing of sorghum and millet. Sweet sorghum juice. Uses of soya beans. Chemical composition of soya beans. processing of soya beans into various traditional products. Composition of some fermented and non-fermented soya bean foods. Simulated milk from soya beans. Soya oil and its production. Soya flour. Main use of yams. Composition of yam tubers. Storage of yams. Traditional methods of preparation for food. Yam flour Instant yam flakes. toxic substance in yam their use as raw material.

Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing, Second Edition is the most comprehensive guide on vegetable technology for processors, producers, and users of vegetables in food manufacturing.This complete handbook contains 42 chapters across two volumes, contributed by field experts from across the world. It provides contemporary information that brings together current knowledge and practices in the value-chain of vegetables from production through consumption. The book is unique in the sense that it includes coverage of production and postharvest technologies, innovative processing technologies, packaging, and quality management. Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing, Second Edition covers recent developments in the areas of vegetable breeding and production, postharvest physiology and storage, packaging and shelf life extension, and traditional and novel processing technologies (high-pressure processing, pulse-electric field, membrane separation, and ohmic heating). It also offers in-depth coverage of processing, packaging, and the nutritional quality of vegetables as well as information on a broader spectrum of vegetable production and processing science and technology. Coverage includes biology and classification, physiology, biochemistry, flavor and sensory properties, microbial safety and HACCP principles, nutrient and bioactive properties In-depth descriptions of key processes including, minimal processing, freezing, pasteurization and aseptic processing, fermentation, drying, packaging, and application of new technologies Entire chapters devoted to important aspects of over 20 major commercial vegetables including avocado, table olives, and textured vegetable proteins This important book will appeal to anyone studying or involved in food technology, food science, food packaging, applied nutrition, biosystems and agricultural engineering, biotechnology, horticulture, food biochemistry, plant biology, and postharvest physiology.

The conference "Combating Desertification with Plants" was held in Beer Sheva, Israel, from November 2-5, 1999, and was attended by 70 participants from 30 countries and/or international organisations. Desertification - the degradation of soils in drylands - is a phenomenon occurring in scores of countries around the globe. The number of people (in semiarid regions) affected by the steady decline in the productivity of their lands is in the hundred millions. The measures required to halt and reverse the process of desertification fall into many categories - policy, institutional, sociological-anthropological, and technical. Although technical "solutions" are not currently in vogue, the conference organizers felt that perhaps the pendulum had swung too far in the direction of "participatory approaches." Hence IPALAC - The International Program for Arid Land Crops - whose function is to serve as a catalyst for optimizing the contribution of plant germplasm to sustainable development in desertification-prone regions - felt the time was opportune for providing a platform for projects where the "plant-driven" approach to development finds expression. Some 45 papers were delivered at the conference, falling into the categories of this volume: Overview, Potential Germplasm for Arid Lands, Introduction, Domestication and Dissemination of Arid Land Plants, Land Rehabilitation, and Mechanisms of Plant Transfer. The conference was funded by UNESCO (Division of Ecological Sciences), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, and MASHAV, Israel's Center for International Development Cooperation.

The global food industry has the largest number of demanding and knowledgeable consumers: the world population of seven billion inhabitants, since every person eats! This population requires food products that fulfill the high quality standards established by the food industry organizations. Food shortages threaten human health and are aggravated by the disastrous, extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, fires, storms connected to climate change, global warming and greenhouse gas emissions that modify the environment and, consequently, the production of foods in the agriculture and husbandry sectors. This collection of articles is a timely contribution to issues relating to the food industry. They were selected for use as a primer, an investigation guide and documentation based on modern, scientific and technical references. This volume is therefore appropriate for use by university researchers and practicing food developers and producers. The control of food processing and production is not only discussed in scientific terms; engineering, economic and financial aspects are also considered for the advantage of food industry managers.

Monthly. References from world literature of books, about 1000 journals, and patents from 18 selected countries. Classified arrangement according to 18 sections such as milk and dairy products, eggs and egg products, and food microbiology. Author, subject indexes.

The changing focus and approach of geomorphic research suggests that the time is opportune for a summary of the state of discipline. The number of peer-reviewed papers published in geomorphic journals has grown steadily for more than two decades and, more importantly, the diversity of authors with respect to geographic location and disciplinary background (geography, geology, ecology, civil engineering, computer science, geographic information science, and others) has expanded dramatically. As more good minds are drawn to geomorphology, and the breadth of the peer-reviewed literature grows, an effective summary of contemporary geomorphic knowledge becomes increasingly difficult. The fourteen volumes of this Treatise on Geomorphology will provide an important reference for users from undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic. Information on the historical development of diverse topics within geomorphology provides context for ongoing research; discussion of research strategies, equipment, and field methods, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations reflect the multiple approaches to understanding Earth’s surfaces; and summaries of outstanding research questions highlight future challenges and suggest productive new avenues for research. Our future ability to adapt to geomorphic changes in the critical zone very much hinges upon how well landform scientists comprehend the dynamics of Earth’s diverse surfaces. This Treatise on Geomorphology provides a useful synthesis of the state of the discipline, as well as highlighting productive research directions, that Educators and students/researchers will find useful. Geomorphology has advanced greatly in the last 10 years to become a very interdisciplinary field. Undergraduate students looking for term paper topics, to graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic will find the answers they need in this broad reference work which has been designed and written to accommodate their diverse backgrounds and levels of understanding Editor-in-Chief, Prof. J. F. Shroder of the University of Nebraska at Omaha, is past president of the QG&G section of the Geological Society of America and present Trustee of the GSA Foundation, while being well respected in the geomorphology research community and having won numerous awards in the field. A host of noted international geomorphologists have contributed state-of-the-art chapters to the work. Readers can be guaranteed that every chapter in this extensive work has been critically reviewed for consistency and accuracy by the World expert Volume Editors and by the Editor-in-Chief himself No other reference work exists in the area of Geomorphology that offers the breadth and depth of information contained in this 14-volume masterpiece. From the foundations and history of geomorphology through to geomorphological innovations and computer modelling, and the past and future states of landform science, no "stone" has been left unturned!