This synthesis will be of interest to administrators, fiscal officers, and programming and planning officials in large highway transportation organizations, as well as legislators and others interested in the planning and programming of highway transportation capital improvement projects. Information is presented on strategies related to project selection and budgeting for recapitalizing highway transportation systems. There is increasing pressure on state transportation organizations to be more productive with existing resources. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes processes for planning and implementing highway capital improvements. General frameworks for this process are discussed along with specific examples of how it is done by several states. Observations on the state of the practice are given along with some information on possible future trends.