This is an open access book.Agriculture, food, and environment are a measure of the availability of food and individuals’ accessibility to it, where accessibility includes affordability. Agriculture, food, and environment are a potential predicament to the world at this time. Today we are facing a challenge to provide inexpensive, sustainable, and nutritious food to the fast-growing world’s population. It includes a wide range of fundamental food issues. Therefore, it is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2nd International Conference for Smart Agriculture, Food, and Environment. This Conference is organized by Center of Excellence For Local Food Innovation (CELOFI) Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.

This book covers the biotechnology of all the major fruit and nut species. Since the very successful first edition of this book in 2004, there has been rapid progress for many fruit and nut species in cell culture, genomics and genetic transformation, especially for citrus and papaya. This book covers both these cutting-edge technologies and regeneration pathways, protoplast culture, in vitro mutagenesis, ploidy manipulation techniques that have been applied to a wider range of species. Three crop species, Diospyros kaki (persimmon), Punica granatum (pomegranate) and Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) are included for the first time. The chapters are organized by plant family to make it easier to make comparisons and exploitation of work with related species. Each chapter discusses the plant family and the related wild species for 38 crop species, and has colour illustrations. It is essential for scientists and post graduate students who are engaged in the improvement of fruit, nut and plantation crops.