This manual describes a PASCAL extension for scientific computation with the short title PASCAL-XSC (PASCAL eXtension for Scientific Computation). The language is the result of a long term effort of members of the Institute for Applied Mathematics of Karlsruhe University and several associated scientists. PASCAL XSC is intended to make the computer more powerful arithmetically than usual. It makes the computer look like a vector processor to the programmer by providing the vector/matrix operations in a natural form with array data types and the usual operator symbols. Programming of algorithms is thus brought considerably closer to the usual mathematical notation. As an additional feature in PASCAL-XSC, all predefined operators for real and complex numbers and intervals, vectors, matrices, and so on, deliver an answer that differs from the exact result by at most one rounding. Numerical mathematics has devised algorithms that deliver highly accurate and automatically verified results by applying mathematical fixed point theorems. That is, these computations carry their own accuracy control. However, their imple mentation requires arithmetic and programming tools that have not been available previously. The development of PASCAL-XSC has been aimed at providing these tools within the PASCAL setting. Work on the subject began during the 1960's with the development of a general theory of computer arithmetic. At first, new algorithms for the realization of the arithmetic operations had to be developed and implemented.

C-XSC is a tool for the development of numerical algorithms delivering highly accurate and automatically verified results. It provides a large number of predefined numerical data types and operators. These types are implemented as C++ classes. Thus, C-XSC allows high-level programming of numerical applications in C and C++. The most important features of C-XSC are: real, complex, interval, and complex interval arithmetic; dynamic vectors and matrices; subarrays of vectors and matrices; dotprecision data types, predefined arithmetic operators with maximum accuracy; standard functions of high accuracy; multiple precision arithmetic and standard functions; rounding control for I/O data; error handling, and library of problem solving routines with automatic result verification. Thus, C-XSC makes the computer more powerful concerning the arithmetic. C-XSC is immediately usable by C programmers, easy to learn, user-extendable, and may also be combined with other tools. The book can be used as a textbook and as a reference manual. It consists of an introduction to advanced computer arithmetic, a chapter describing the programming languages C and C++, the major chapter "C-XSC Reference", sample programs, and indices.

This comprehensive volume presents a wide spectrum of information about the design, analysis and manufacturing of aerospace structures and materials. Readers will find an interesting compilation of reviews covering several topics such as structural dynamics and impact simulation, acoustic and vibration testing and analysis, fatigue analysis and life optimization, reversing design methodology, non-destructive evaluation, remotely piloted helicopters, surface enhancement of aerospace alloys, manufacturing of metal matrix composites, applications of carbon nanotubes in aircraft material design, carbon fiber reinforcements, variable stiffness composites, aircraft material selection, and much more. This volume is a key reference for graduates undertaking advanced courses in materials science and aeronautical engineering as well as researchers and professional engineers seeking to increase their understanding of aircraft material selection and design.

Civil False Claims and Qui Tam Actions is an essential weapon for bringing or defending a qui tam action. This Fourth Edition, two-volume treatise provides comprehensive analysis of The Civil False Claims Statute and a balanced approach to every important aspect of case preparation and litigation -- from establishing the merits of a whistleblower claim to determining the formula for arriving at the qui tam plaintiff's award. Civil False Claims and Qui Tam Actions, frequently cited by the courts, is clearly and concisely written to: walk you, step-by-step, through each phase of case preparation, from the perspective of both plaintiff-relator and whistleblower defendant spell out the unique procedural requirements in a civil false claims action -- from the applicability of statute of limitation rules to the scope of discovery under a andquot;civil investigation demandandquot; by the federal government explain how to draft a whistleblower complaint collect, organize and interpret the controlling case law direct you to the relevant statutory whistleblower provisions, rules and regulations that apply to the issues under discussion analyze the legislative history of The False Claims Act and explains why it is essential to the success of a prosecutor's or defense's cause of action and alert you to emerging trends in civil false claims and qui tam actions For the best guidance on how to bring or defend a qui tam action, consult the civil false claims specialist - John T. Boese. John T. Boese is an expert author and litigation partner in the Washington, DC law office of Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver andamp; Jacobson. with more than 25 years of experience in civil fraud cases, both as a former DOJ attorney and as defense counsel. In a clear and straightforward manner, he offers his expert analysis of recent developments on: The Supreme Court's decision on andquot;original sourceandquot; in Rockwell The recent trend by state legislatures to enact false claims laws that mirror the federal law. The andquot;presentmentandquot; requirement Corporate liability under The Civil False Claims Act Interpreting the public disclosure bar and original source requirement Challenges to sufficiency of FCA complaints under Rule 9(b) The Civil False Claims Act has captured the attention of any organization doing business with the federal government, for very good reasons: Virtually any person that receives, spends or uses federal money may be liable under The Civil False Claims Act. Private individuals, including employees can be whistleblowers on contractor fraud by bringing a qui tam lawsuit on behalf of the federal government - and receive up to 30% of any judgment or settlement. The courts have upheld highly creative claims brought under The Civil False Claims Act. Don't get lost in the maze of changing, complicated, and confusing qui tam provisions, whistleblower rules, and civil false claims regulations!

Bestselling author David Gessner’s wilderness road trip inspired by America’s greatest conservationist, Theodore Roosevelt, is “a rallying cry in the age of climate change” (Robert Redford). “Leave it as it is,” Theodore Roosevelt announced while viewing the Grand Canyon for the first time. “The ages have been at work on it and man can only mar it.” Roosevelt’s pronouncement signaled the beginning of an environmental fight that still wages today. To reconnect with the American wilderness and with the president who courageously protected it, acclaimed nature writer and New York Times bestselling author David Gessner embarks on a great American road trip guided by Roosevelt’s crusading environmental legacy. Gessner travels to the Dakota badlands where Roosevelt awakened as a naturalist; to Yellowstone, Yosemite, and the Grand Canyon where Roosevelt escaped during the grind of his reelection tour; and finally, to Bears Ears, Utah, a monument proposed by Native Tribes that is currently embroiled in a national conservation fight. Along the way, Gessner questions and reimagines Roosevelt’s vision for today’s lands. “Insightful, observant, and wry,” (BookPage) Leave It As It Is offers an arresting history of Roosevelt’s pioneering conservationism, a powerful call to arms, and a profound meditation on our environmental future.