This is an open access book. Homeostasis is upset by stress, which also triggers an adaptive reaction that shields an organism from harm. High allostatic load, on the other hand, might result from excessive stress or stress during a sensitive time, which eventually promotes or hastens maladaptive processes. Adverse childhood experiences, often known as ACEs, are early life stresses that individuals endure and are linked to the development of behavioural abnormalities and psychiatric problems in adulthood. Furthermore, there is evidence that people with early life stress have a more severe illness course and are less receptive to treatment for mood and anxiety disorders like depression. Stress throughout early childhood is linked to a modification of the brain's developmental trajectory, which can result in long-lasting behavioural alterations, but the consequences of stress in adulthood can be temporary and reversible. Behaviour problems brought on by ELS exposure can start in adulthood or during childhood or adolescence. A developing field of research, neuroscience, is expanding quickly. Neurology, psychiatry, and psychology are necessary for a deeper understanding of it. The purpose of this conference is to inform attendees of the most recent developments in the field of neuroscience education. The Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Sumatera Utara is hosting the 6th International Conference on Neuroscience, Neurology, and Psychiatry (ICoNaP) 2023 with the theme "The impact of early life stress on the neuroscience field" for psychiatrists, neurologists, general practitioners, and other interested specialists. Since 2018, ICoNAP has occurred annually. Speakers from many different nations are invited to the conference, both nationally and internationally. The committee has elected speakers from Malaysia, Singapore, Germany, Australia, India, Thailand, the United States, France, and Malaysia over the years. This year's conference will be hosted virtually and will have speakers from Singapore, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, and Singapore. Researchers and specialists in the fields of neuroscience, neurology, and psychiatry can exchange ideas, experiences, and insights during the conference. Case studies and articles will have the opportunity to be published in international publications, and 920 researchers and professionals have so far taken part in previous ICoNAPs. More than 100 articles and case studies have also been released.

This is an open access book. Neuroscience is an emerging branch of science that develops rapidly. It needs neurology, psychiatry, and psychology for us to understand it better. The aim of this conference is to educate and learn the current trends and research in neuroscience education. The 5th International Conference on Neuroscience, Neurology and Psychiatry (ICoNaP) 2022 is a conference held by The Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Sumatera Utara for psychiatrists, neurologists, general practitioners, and other interested specialists; the theme for this year is “Exploring the Neuroscientific Impact of Covid-19”. ICoNAP has been held annually since 2018. The conference invites both national and international speakers from many countries. Throughout these years the committee has invoted various speakers from Malaysia, Singapore, Germany, Australia, India, Thailand, the USA, France, and Malaysia. This year, we invite both national and international speakers from the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Singapore, and Malaysia and will be held as a virtual conference.

September 13-15, 2018 Copenhagen, Denmark Key Topics : Brain and Neurological Disorders, Neurodegeneration and Aging Disorders, The Brain and Spine, Psychiatry and Addiction, Neurosurgery, Cognition and Behaviour, Neurological Nursing, Neurobiology and Pathophysiology of Disorders, Ananlysis, Assessment and Diagnosis of Disorders, Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, NeuroImmunology and Neuroinflammation, Novel Therapeutic Strategies, Computational Brain and Neural Engineering, Biofeedback/Neurofeedback, Animal models in Brain Research, Others,

Cats are the world's most popular domestic pet, as well as being wild animals. This comprehensive book on feline behaviour explores both the familiar domesticated animal and wild relatives such as the leopard, tiger and lynx to examine the Felidae family as a whole, allowing for fascinating comparisons between wild and domestic species and explanations of behaviour in pet cats with evolutionary origins. Fraser's work helps increase readers' understanding of cat behaviour - why they behave as they do, for what purpose and why. The focus is on identifying normal behaviour from the cat's perspect.

In spite of the large volume of associated research, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) onset and recurrence remain uncertain. This may explain why the performances of thromboembolic and bleeding prediction scores in AF patients are limited. In the past few years, the concept of atrial cardiopathy has emerged as a promising lead to connect AF to stroke, heart failure, and inflammatory processes: indeed, all of the mechanisms associated with atrial remodeling and the development of atrial cardiopathy are also likely to promote the development of AF. This recent concept of atrial cardiopathy suggests that the real trigger of stroke may be an abnormal atrial substrate rather than atrial rhythm itself. In this setting, AF could be seen as a symptom of atrial cardiopathy rather than a risk factor of stroke. In the absence of validated clinical markers of atrial cardiopathy, the search for the mechanism of AF remains the cornerstone of cardioembolic stroke prevention for now.The aim of this Special Issue is to gather basic research as well as pathophysiological and epidemiological papers focused on the relationship between atrial substrates and atrial fibrillation onset, recurrence, and outcomes.

The monograph aims to present the recent scientific knowledge on body sensations, i.e., conscious experiences that are localized or felt in the body from an internal perspective, regardless of their sensory origin. It summarizes the basic philosophical, evolutionary, neuroanatomical, psychological, and pathological aspects of the topic. Moreover, related phenomena, such as emotions, the placebo and nocebo effect, complementary and alternative medicine, and mind-body practices are discussed from the perspective of body sensations.