This title details the history of the field of machine translation (MT) from its earliest years. It glimpses major figures through biographical accounts recounting the origin and development of research programmes as well as personal details and anecdotes on the impact of political and social events on MT developments.

This volume contains papers by a large number of influencial linguists, written as a tribute to the work of Rulon S. Wells. The volume is subdivided into sections on the Philosophy of Language, Phonology, Syntax, Historical and Typological Linguistics, and Diachronic and Synchronic Derivation.

A central problem of natural language generation is that of 'expressibility'. Meteer presents a solution which uses a level of representation called the Text Structure, an intermediate between the representation of world and the language.

Handwriting recognition in general and online handwriting recognition in particular has been an active research area for several decades. Most of the research have been focused on English and recently on other scripts like Arabic and Chinese. There is a lack of research on recognition in Turkish text and this work primarily fills that gap with a state-of-the-art recognizer for the first time. It contains design and implementation details of a complete recognition system for recognition of Turkish isolated words. It considers the recognition of unconstrained handwriting with a limited vocabulary size first and then evolves to a large vocabulary system. Turkish script has many similarities with other Latin scripts, like English, which makes it possible to adapt strategies that work for them. However, there are some other issues which are particular to Turkish that should be taken into consideration separately. Two of the challenging issues in recognition of Turkish text are determined as delayed strokes and high Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV). This work examines these problems and alternative solutions at depth and proposes suitable solutions for Turkish script particularly.

The book presents a collection of chapters dealing with a wide selection of topics concerning different applications of modeling. It includes modeling, simulation and optimization applications in the areas of medical care systems, genetics, business, ethics and linguistics, applying very sophisticated methods. Algorithms, 3-D modeling, virtual reality, multi objective optimization, finite element methods, multi agent model simulation, system dynamics simulation, hierarchical Petri Net model and two level formalism modeling are tools and methods employed in these papers.