This book looks at the process of human cognition and the way complex problems are solved by decomposing them into a list of strategic objectives, before focusing individually on each objective to plan for a tactical solution. This process has been formulated by military planners in the form of the Standard Operating Procedure, by which problem solving is organised into four different stages: deliberation, planning, war meeting and plan execution. This has enabled the development of a methodology for problem solving in a dynamic environment. This is illustrated with the help of a six-case study in chess and prediction of exchange rate movement in a foreign exchange market.

This book provides basic management knowledge in a clearly structured way. Fundamental aspects of management are described, on the basis of which a model of the enterprise is outlined. This allows readers to find their way around easily, to reflect, then to set new approaches in context and examine them in a critical light. The practical examples, the interpretation questions, and the short case studies at the end of the chapters facilitate the transition from theory to practice.

The goal of the project has been to investigate strategies that enable intelligent, real time problem solving systems (IRTPS) to control their reasoning resources in dynamic, unpredictable environments. Our efforts have been focused in four key areas: (1) analyzing the requirements that must be met by simulation systems to support the analysis of reasoning control strategies, and developing simulators that meet those requirements; (2) developing and analyzing strategies for controlling deliberation (reasoning about alternatives) in dynamic environments; (3) developing and analyzing strategies for controlling planning (means-end reasoning) in dynamic environments; and (4) developing and analyzing strategies for controlling interactions in multiagent dynamic environments. This report is organized around these four topics: after a brief overview of the research problem, there is a section devoted to our research results on each topic. This is followed by list of project-sponsored papers and a summary of students supported by this project. Copies of project-supported papers are included as an appendix.

This research note seeks an empirical understanding of the relationship between the physical characteristics of a large-scale system and human performance, and formalizing these empirical results into several measures of large scale complexity. Behavioral computer models of the human operator in a large-scale environment were then constructed, and the models were found consistent with human behavior. This approach showed subtle performance improvement for aided subjects. Keywords: Man-machine, Computer models, Human performance, Communication networks.

This book offers a process for conceiving solutions to complex, wicked, messy, swampy or socio-technical problems. When charged with complex problem solving, a useful set of concepts needs to emerge, be agreed, and acted upon. Using relevant examples a

This research note seeks an empirical understanding of the relationship between the physical characteristics of a large-scale system and human performance, and formalizing these empirical results into several measures of large scale complexity. Behavioral computer models of the human operator in a large-scale environment were then constructed, and the models were found consistent with human behavior. This approach showed subtle performance improvement for aided subjects. Keywords: Man-machine, Computer models, Human performance, Communication networks.