Companies in Europe and Japan are increasingly the target of private antitrust litigation. These lawsuits are being facilitated by favorable case law, legislative changes, and a growing awareness of antitrust remedies in all layers of society. This book analyzes and compares this burgeoning area of litigation in the European Union and Japan. It examines the legal framework for these actions and takes stock of the hundreds of actions for damages and injunctive relief that have been brought in Japan and the EU. It also looks at the novel contexts in which private litigants are invoking antitrust violations, such as in derivative suits and in actions to challenge arbitral awards. Finally, the book assesses the impact of private litigation on the enforcement of antitrust law and shows how Japan's experience can be useful for Europe and vice versa in shaping future reforms.

At a time when there is considerable development of antitrust litigation in the European Union, and the legal framework is constantly evolving, this book provides a comprehensive exploration of the legal basis for private antitrust enforcement, drawing comparisons within the European Union(EU) and between EU law and United States (US) law.In light of the important recent evolution in this area of law, this is a timely and significantly revised new edition of an authoritative text. It offers a detailed comparative analysis of jurisdictions across the EU and their treatment of private antitrust enforcement, and positions the privateenforcement of European Union (EU) competition law in the broader context of effectiveness of Union law. It also offers a full and clear introduction to all the key issues of law and practice that arise in private antitrust litigation in the US, and dispels many European misconceptions of USenforcement procedure, while emphasising the lessons that can be drawn from the American system.Topics covered include foundations of private enforcement, remedy principles and competition rules, prudential limits on private actions, enforcement pluralism in the European Union system, limits on permissible private plaintiffs, and calculation of damages. The book's theoretical approach issupplemented by a practical consideration of available procedures and remedies.

Sentencing Referencer 2013 provides clear and practical guidance on over 100 sentencing topics laid out in an easy to navigate A-Z format. This is an invaluable tool to be used both in court and in the office and is the first port of call when seeking basic sentencing guidance. It takes the reader through each sentencing topic, the topics are laid out in alphabetical order, and legislation most applicable to the case is highlighted, followed by advice and the procedures to follow in court.

During the past decade, private enforcement of competition law has slowly taken off in Europe. However, major differences still exist among Member States. By harmonizing a number of procedural rules, the Damages Directive aimed to establish a level playing field among EU Member States. This timely book represents the first assessment of the implementation of the Damages Directive. Offering a comparative perspective, key chapters provide an up-to-date account of the emerging trends in private enforcement of competition law in Europe.

This document contains excerpts from the book Private Antitrust Litigation in the European Union and Japan - A Comparative Perspective (Maklu Publishers, February 2013). The book contains the following chapters:IntroductionPart I - Private Antitrust Litigation in Japan Chapter 1: Historical BackgroundChapter 2: Damages ActionsChapter 3: InjunctionsChapter 4: Residents' Lawsuits on the Basis of the Local Autonomy ActChapter 5: Other Forms of Private Antitrust Litigation (covering voidness, unjust enrichment claims, annulment of arbitral awards and derivative actions)Chapter 6: Empirical Analysis of Japanese Antitrust CasesPart II - Private Antitrust Litigation in the European Union Chapter 7: Historical BackgroundChapter 8: Damages ActionsChapter 9: InjunctionsChapter 10: Other Forms of Private Antitrust Litigation (covering voidness, unjust enrichment claims, annulment of arbitral awards and derivative actions)Chapter 11: Empirical Analysis of Cases in the EUPart III - The Future of Private Antitrust Litigation in Japan and the EUChapter 12: The Debate About Whether Private Antitrust Litigation Should Be FacilitatedChapter 13: Moving Forward: Lessons from the Comparative Analysis.

This paper reviews the legal and economic structure of the class action litigation model in the United States, as set forth by rule 23 of US civil procedure, exploring the requirements for obtaining class certification and maintaining a class action. I analyze a number of critical issues and inefficiencies connected to the adoption of class action as a tool for adjudicating controversies. The paper, then, takes into consideration the issue of private antitrust litigation in the European Union, at the moment still underdeveloped. A Green Paper recently published by the EU Commission includes proposals for the adoption of private antitrust damages litigation in the EU, but, even suggesting the possible adoption of a collective action model, never mentions class action as a viable solution. I consider some of the questions raised by the EU Commission in the Green Paper. Relying on the fact that US courts have repeatedly stated that antitrust controversies are suitable for class action treatment, I consider whether the US model of class action litigation might provide, although in an amended version, a satisfactory answer to the problematic issues raised by the Green Paper and represent an efficient tool for the private enforcement of antitrust law in the European Union.

This book introduces the reader to key legal provisions and case-law related to the procedural and substantive issues that may arise in damages litigation for breach of anti-competitive agreements and abuses of a dominant position prohibitions. For the past decade, academic publications have focused on the proposal for a Directive on damages actions, then the Directive 2014/104/EU of 26 November 2014 itself, and finally the transposition texts. However, this understandable interest should not lead to overlook the fact that the Directive has been applied very little until now. This is mainly due to its application ratione temporis. In addition to the fact that Member States only transposed the Directive between the end of 2016 and 2018, Article 22 of the Directive provides that the substantive rules contained in the Directive cannot be applied to infringements subsequent to the national laws transposing them, while the procedural rules of the Directive apply to proceedings commenced on or after 26 December 2014. Thus, it is prior domestic law that continues to govern the vast majority of cases before national courts in the “Pre-Directive era.” In addition, a number of issues of the utmost importance have not been addressed by the Directive, such as questions of international jurisdiction or the quantification of “interests.” For these reasons, it seemed necessary not to limit this book to commenting on the Directive, important as it is, but to go beyond it. Directed by Rafael Amaro, this book contains the contributions from leading academics, attorneys, jurists and economists in the field of the private enforcement of competition law. It is composed of thematic chapters dealing with matters such as applicable law in international litigation, limitation, quantification of damages, from both a European Union and a national perspective, as well as national chapters presenting the state of play in several European States.