Comprehensive analysis of present and future steel industry technologies through an extensive review of the current literature and discussions with experts at selected steel companies, research institutes, universities, and equipment developers/suppliers in the United States, Europe, Canada, and Japan. Volume 1 analyzes the potential of the technologies under consideration and describes the Canadian steel industry as it existed in 1989, with some updates for 1990/91, and as it could be in the year 2000 and in 2010, and the implications of the potential changes in technologies. Volume 2 describes, in some detail, those technologies applicable to the year 2000, that is the best technologies in operation industrially anywhere in the world today. Volume 3 describes those technologies applicable to 2010, that is those promising technologies being researched and developed now.

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This book does not give a prediction of what the efficiency will be of the energy use of industrial processes in the future. However, it does give an exploration of limits to the efficiency of current processes and an indication of what might be achieved if new technologies can be developed. At the Department of Science, Technology and Society of Utrecht University research had been done to the opportunities for improvement of the energy efficiency in the short term since the 1980's. This had resulted in a comprehensive database on energy efficient measures. This database and a possible application are described in Chapter 3 of this book. The use of the database induced new research themes around efficiency improvement, e.g. concerning barriers for implementation of measures. It was around 1993 that I did a preliminary study to the potential for efficiency improvement in the long term. Historical analysis had shown us that the short term potential stayed constant over the years. It seemed to be replenished by the introduction of new technologies. This lead to the question whether there are limits to the efficiency, taking into account both thermodynamic considerations and ideas on the development and dissemination of new technologies.