The MIT mission - "to bring together Industry and Academia and to nurture the next generation in computational mechanics is of great importance to reach the new level of mathematical modeling and numerical solution and to provide an exciting research environment for the next generation in computational mechanics." Mathematical modeling and numerical solution is today firmly established in science and engineering. Research conducted in almost all branches of scientific investigations and the design of systems in practically all disciplines of engineering can not be pursued effectively without, frequently, intensive analysis based on numerical computations.The world we live in has been classified by the human mind, for descriptive and analysis purposes, to consist of fluids and solids, continua and molecules; and the analyses of fluids and solids at the continuum and molecular scales have traditionally been pursued separately. Fundamentally, however, there are only molecules and particles for any material that interact on the microscopic and macroscopic scales. Therefore, to unify the analysis of physical systems and to reach a deeper understanding of the behavior of nature in scientific investigations, and of the behavior of designs in engineering endeavors, a new level of analysis is necessary. This new level of mathematical modeling and numerical solution does not merely involve the analysis of a single medium but must encompass the solution of multi-physics problems involving fluids, solids, and their interactions, involving multi-scale phenomena from the molecular to the macroscopic scales, and must include uncertainties in the given data and the solution results. Nature does not distinguish between fluids and solids and does not ever repeat itself exactly.This new level of analysis must also include, in engineering, the effective optimization of systems, and the modeling and analysis of complete life spans of engineering products, from design to fabrication, to possibly multiple repairs, to end of service.

Reviews our current understanding of the subject. For graduate students and researchers in computational fluid dynamics and turbulence.

Accurate prediction of turbulent flows remains a challenging task despite considerable work in this area and the acceptance of CFD as a design tool. The quality of the CFD calculations of the flows in engineering applications strongly depends on the proper prediction of turbulence phenomena. Investigations of flow instability, heat transfer, skin friction, secondary flows, flow separation, and reattachment effects demand a reliable modelling and simulation of the turbulence, reliable methods, accurate programming, and robust working practices. The current scientific status of simulation of turbulent flows as well as some advances in computational techniques and practical applications of turbulence research is reviewed and considered in the book.

High resolution direct numerical simulations are used to investigate the dynamics of turbulence in flows subject to strong stable stratification, which are common in natural settings. Results are presented for two categories of simulations, uniform and non-uniform density stratification. For all simulated flows, the density stratification was held constant in time, and there was no ambient shear. Flows with uniform density stratification are first analyzed to help provide clear insight to physical processes, followed by flows with non-uniform density stratification which better represent the stratification occurring in nature.

This book highlights recent research advances in the area of turbulent flows from both industry and academia for applications in the area of Aerospace and Mechanical engineering. Contributions include modeling, simulations and experiments meant for researchers, professionals and students in the area.

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is a high-fidelity approach to the numerical simulation of turbulent flows. Recent developments have shown LES to be able to predict aerodynamic noise generation and propagation as well as the turbulent flow, by means of either a hybrid or a direct approach. This book is based on the results of two French/German research groups working on LES simulations in complex geometries and noise generation in turbulent flows. The results provide insights into modern prediction approaches for turbulent flows and noise generation mechanisms as well as their use for novel noise reduction concepts.