Researchers in the natural sciences are faced with problems that require a novel approach to improve the quality of forecasts of processes that are sensitive to environmental conditions. Nonlinearity of a system may significantly complicate the predictability of future states: a small variation of parameters can dramatically change the dynamics, while sensitive dependence of the initial state may severely limit the predictability horizon. Uncertainties also play a role. This volume addresses such problems by using tools from chaos theory and systems theory, adapted for the analysis of problems in the environmental sciences. Sensitive dependence on the initial state (chaos) and the parameters are analyzed using methods such as Lyapunov exponents and Monte Carlo simulation. Uncertainty in the structure and the values of parameters of a model is studied in relation to processes that depend on the environmental conditions. These methods also apply to biology and economics. For research workers at universities and (semi)governmental institutes for the environment, agriculture, ecology, meteorology and water management, and theoretical economists.

Based on a Santa Fe Institute and NATO sponsored workshop, this book brings together the ideas of leading researchers in the rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary field of nonlinear modeling in an attempt to stimulate the cross-fertilization of ideas and the search for unifying themes. The central theme of the workshop was the construction of nonlinear models from time-series data. Approaches to this problem have drawn from the disciplines of multivariate function approximation and neural nets, dynamical systems and chaos, statistics, information theory, and control theory. Applications have been made to economics, mechanical engineering, meteorology, speech processing, biology, and fluid dynamics.

A comprehensive overview of interaction of the major hydrological and meteorological processes in mountain areas ie Cryosphere and Climatic Change, Snow Melt and Soil Water, Run-off and Floods, Water fluxes and Water Balance, Hydro-meteorological Coupling and Modelling. Each section will review recent research in the field and illustrate key interactions with case studies from mountainous regions in Europe, The Americas and Central Asia.

The book comprises high-quality refereed research papers presented at the Third International Symposium on Computer Science, Digital Economy, and Intelligent Systems (CSDEIS2021), held in Moscow, Russia, on December 25-26, 2021, organized jointly by the Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow State Technical University, and the International Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science. The topics discussed in the book includes state-of-the-art papers in computer science and their technological applications; intelligent systems and intellectual approaches; digital economics and methodological approaches. It is an excellent source of references for researchers, graduate students, engineers, management practitioners, and undergraduate students interested in computer science and its applications in engineering and management.