This book contains the papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management organized by the Department of Knowledge Management, Institute of Informatics and Business Informatics, University of Vienna. The event took place on 2002, December 2–3 in Vienna, Austria. The PAKM conference series is a forum for people to share their views, to exchange ideas, to develop new insights, and to envision completely new kinds of solutions to knowledge management problems, because to succeed in the accelerating pace of the “Internet age,” organizations will be obliged to efficiently leverage their most valuable and underleveraged resource: the intellectual capital of their highly educated, skilled, and experienced employees. Thus next-generation business solutions must be focussed on supporting the creation of value by adding knowledge-rich components as integral parts in the work process. The authors, who work at the leading edge of knowledge management, have pursued integrated approaches which consider both the technological side, and the business side, and the organizational and cultural issues. We hope the papers, covering a broad range of knowledge management topics, will be valuable, at the same extent, for researchers and practitioners developing knowledge management approaches and applications. It was a real joy seeing the visibility of the conference increase and noting that knowledge management researchers and practitioners from all over the world submitted papers. This year, 90 papers and case studies were submitted, from which 55 were accepted.

This book contains the papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Pr- tical Aspects of Knowledge Management organized by the Department of Knowledge Management, Institute of Computer Science and Business Informatics, University of Vienna. The event took place on December 02–03, 2004 in Vienna. The PAKM conference series offers a communication forum and meeting ground for practitioners and researchers engaged in developing and deploying advanced bu- ness solutions for the management of knowledge and intellectual capital. Contributions pursuing integrated approaches which consider organizational, technological and c- tural issues of knowledge management have been elected for presentation. PAKM is a forum for people to share their views, to exchange ideas, to develop new insights, and to envision completely new kinds of solutions for knowledge management problems. The accepted papers are of high quality and are not too specialized so that the main issues can be understood by someone outside the respective ?eld. This is crucial for an interdisciplinary exchange of ideas. Like its predecessors, PAKM 2004 featured two invited talks. It is a real joy seeing the visibility of the conferenceincrease and noting that kno- edge management researchers and practitioners from all over the world submitted - pers. This year, 163 papers and case studies were submitted, from which 48 were - cepted.

Knowledge Management has evolved into one of the most important streams of management research, affecting organizations of all types at many different levels. The Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management, Second Edition provides a compendium of terms, definitions and explanations of concepts, processes and acronyms addressing the challenges of knowledge management. This two-volume collection covers all aspects of this critical discipline, which range from knowledge identification and representation, to the impact of Knowledge Management Systems on organizational culture, to the significant integration and cost issues being faced by Human Resources, MIS/IT, and production departments.

This book contains the papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Pr- tical Aspects of Knowledge Management organized by the Department of Knowledge Management, Institute of Computer Science and Business Informatics, University of Vienna. The event took place on December 02–03, 2004 in Vienna. The PAKM conference series offers a communication forum and meeting ground for practitioners and researchers engaged in developing and deploying advanced bu- ness solutions for the management of knowledge and intellectual capital. Contributions pursuing integrated approaches which consider organizational, technological and c- tural issues of knowledge management have been elected for presentation. PAKM is a forum for people to share their views, to exchange ideas, to develop new insights, and to envision completely new kinds of solutions for knowledge management problems. The accepted papers are of high quality and are not too specialized so that the main issues can be understood by someone outside the respective ?eld. This is crucial for an interdisciplinary exchange of ideas. Like its predecessors, PAKM 2004 featured two invited talks. It is a real joy seeing the visibility of the conferenceincrease and noting that kno- edge management researchers and practitioners from all over the world submitted - pers. This year, 163 papers and case studies were submitted, from which 48 were - cepted.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management, PAKM 2006, held in Vienna, Austria in November/December 2006. The 29 revised full papers address all aspects of knowledge management and their role in next-generation business solutions in perspective to business and organization sciences, cognitive science, and computer science.

The biennial PAKM Conference Series o?ers a communication platform and meeting ground for practitioners and researchers involved in developing and deploying advanced business solutions for the management of knowledge in - ganizations. PAKM is a forum for people to share their views, exchange ideas, develop new insights, and envision completely new kinds of knowledge mana- ment solutions. PAKM2008,the7thInternationalConferenceonPracticalAspectsofKno- edge Management, was held in Yokohama, Japan, for the ?rst time. Although all past PAKM conferences were held in Europe (Basel and Vienna), the PAKM Steering Committee decided two yearsago that the PAKM conferenceshould be “on tour”: it should be organized by di?erent people and be hosted in di?erent places all over the world. For this year’s conference we received 62 submissions from 23 countries and 3 reviewers were assigned to one paper from the members of the Program C- mittee and the additional reviewers. Thus 23 good papers were selected. They cover a great variety of approaches to knowledge management, which tackle the topic from many di?erent angles. It is this very diversity that makes PAKM unique, while at the same time focusing on the one issue of managing knowledge within organizations. Many people were involved in setting up PAKM 2008. We would like to express our warm thanks to everybody who contributed to making it a success.

Knowledge Management (KM) is a hybrid discipline, containing elements of social sciences, technology and business. KM focuses on creating and sharing knowledge. The discipline is a holistic system for management of intellectual capital, organization change, knowledge creation and sharing, for continuous improvement and innovation, and organizational learning, resulting in increased value creation. This symbioses of disciplines takes place within the organizations' vision, purpose and strategy. Introduction to Knowledge Management provides a strategic roadmap for knowledge management and teaches how to implement KM in a company, step by step.