This issue of the Portuguese Studies Review presents essays by Leandro Alves Teodoro, Martin M. Elbl and Ivana Elbl, Isabel dos Guimarães Sá and Hélder Carvalhal, Christian Fausto Moraes dos Santos, Gisele Cristina da Conceição, and Fabiano Bracht, Sandrina Berthault Moreira, and Luís Miguel Pereira Farinha. The topics covered range from the history of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Portuguese synods to the material culture of late fifteenth century Portuguese nobility, epistolary perspectives on Portuguese interaction with Italy and with the Roman Curia in the fifteenth century, the use and benefits of seafood in early Portuguese settlements in Brazil, a legal overview of the administrative frameworks for Portuguese road-building in the early twentieth century, and the comparative use of econometric indices of development to modelling Portuguese data. The issue also contains shorter pieces by Douglas L. Wheeler and Michel Cahen.

This issue of the Portuguese Studies Review presents essays by Teresa Medeiros, Ermelindo Peixoto, José Tavares, Joaquim Ferreira, Leandro Almeida, and Maria Pacheco, Aurora A. Castro Teixeira and Maria de Fátima Rocha, Suzana Nunes Caldeira and Isabel M. C. Estrela Rego, Paulo S. Polanah, Michel Cahen, Douglas L. Wheeler, and Moisés Silva Fernandes. The topics covered range from studies of learning and cognitive development among Portuguese students, to the modelling of human capital stock modulated by the quality of an educational system, critical assessments of school discipline in a Portuguese context, the colonial discourse and Portuguese national identity (1930-1945), forced labor in Portuguese Africa, Macao in Sino-Portuguese relations, and anti-colonial discourses in Mozambique.

Volume 1 of Three Wise Monkeys explores the Portuguese colonisation of Mozambique, and the gradual transformation of the colony into a reservoir of cheap labour, first during the Atlantic slave trade and then during the rise of the voracious Rand mining industry. Mozambique became locked into financial dependence on South Africa. The South African mining industry came to own significant parts of the harbour infrastructure of Lourenço Marques. The mining industry's insatiable appetite for pit props gave rise to a globalised trade in timber flowing in from the US, Scandinavia and Australia via new shipping lines to the port of Lourenço Marques. After World War I, the South African gold-mining industry and Mozambique's weak 'central bank', the Banco Nacional Ultramarino, operating alongside the South African Reserve Bank, a branch of the Royal Mint and the Rand Refinery, effectively controlled the economic fortunes and destiny of South Africa's neighbour. Mozambique was colonised twice over – first by Portugal and then by South Africa.

This issue of the Portuguese Studies Review presents essays by Glenn J. Ames, N. Shyam Bhat, Sim Yong Huei, Maria Cristina Moreira and Sérgio Veludo, Ana Mónica Fonseca and Daniel Marcos, Reinaldo Francisco Silva, Filipa Fernandes, and Robert Simon. The topics covered range from colonial Christian proselytization to the political interaction between Portuguese Goa and the Karnataka, war and diplomacy in the Estado da India (1707-1750), Portuguese military uniforms in the nineteenth century, perceptions of the United States through immigrant eyes, French and German military support for Portugal in 1958-1968, the politics of water supply, and the poetics of Herberto Helder.

This book provides a historical study of the theory and praxis of modern insurgencies and counterinsurgencies (COIN). Modern Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies: A Global History shows that the insurgents can wage a variety of conflicts: at times conventional war which lies at the high end of their spectrum, and terrorism which is located at the lowest end of their scale. When insurgencies reach a certain critical threshold, the insurgents shift their strategy from guerrilla (irregular) war to conventional (regular) war, and at that point the level of conflict escalates to the level of civil war. When the insurgents face intense state repression, they revert to terrorist activities. When the insurgents wage guerrilla war, they can be called guerrillas. The variety of wars conducted by the insurgents is termed as unconventional war. This volume demonstrates that the insurgents in the modern world had been motivated by a trinity: greed, grievances and ideology. Kaushik Roy traces the origin of modern insurgencies and COIN from the sixteenth century by focusing on regions outside Western Eurasia. He also touches on the twin interrelated phenomena of modern insurgencies and COIN metastasising into something new at the beginning of the Information Revolution at the end of the twentieth century. This volume will be of interest to researchers and research students of history, British Empire, imperial studies, Asian studies, security studies, strategic studies, and war and conflict studies.

This issue of the Portuguese Studies Review features essays by José D’Assunção Barros, George Bryan Souza, Lorraine White, Stefan Halikowski-Smith, José Mauricio Saldanha Álvarez, Francisco Carlos Palomanes Martinho, Carlos Cordeiro and Artur Boavida Madeira†, Vanessa Ribeiro Simon Cavalcanti, Marzia Grassi, Suzy Casimiro, and Douglas Wheeler. The topics range from Galego-Portuguese troubadour poetry in the thirteenth century to Portuguese colonial administration and the Indian Ocean trade, lineage histories of sixteenth- to seventeenth-century noble families involved in imperial administrative service, (re)interpretive synopses of the Portuguese overseas expansion, art as political theater in colonial Brazil, Vargas and labour policy in Brazil in terms of multiple transitions from traditionalism to modernity, the beginnings of Azorean immigration to Canada, human rights and women's rights in Brazil, local markets in Cape Verde, Portuguese immigration to Australia, and the military historiography of Portuguese-influenced Africa.

This issue of the Portuguese Studies Review groups essays by João de Figueirôa-Rêgo, Gerhard Seibert, Jeremy Ball, Rui Graça Feijó, Maria do Céu Pinto, Vanessa Ribeiro Simon Cavalcanti and Antonio Carlos da Silva, Robert Simon, and Harold B. Johnson. The topics covered range from social networks and the granting of offices in the context of the Holy Office and the Mesa da Consciência e Ordens to the great slave revolt on the Island of São Tomé in 1595, the cmapaign for free labor in Angola and São Tomé in 1900-1910, the issues of naming and national identity in Timor-Leste, the continuation of imperial policies through "peacekeeping", the global crisis and the "society of spectacle", Portuguese 21st-century poetry, and critical assessments of the biography of King Sebastian of Portugal.