The third edition of Historical Dictionary of Portugal greatly expands on the second edition through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions, as well as on significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects.

The classic reference work that provides annually updated information on the countries of the world.

The classic reference work that provides annually updated information on the countries of the world.

The classic reference work that provides annually updated information on the countries of the world.

This volume offers a collection of papers dealing with how adversities have been tackled and expressed artistically from various perspectives in Ireland. Taken together, the many approaches to critical times provided here prove how, surrounded by outbursts of pessimism, financial hecatombs, and individual and collective discouragement, the academic community can find meaning in hard, intellectual work, and in serious updated research. The chapters here are authored by scholars specialised in Irish Studies, and provide reflections and discussions on the broad topic of crisis and Ireland, its description and representation, and the different ways in which difficulties have been discussed, imagined, or even solved.