Pontiac's War began on 6 May 1763 when a pan-Indian movement attacked several British forts in the Great Lakes region, also known as the pays d'en haut. Pontiac's War emerged following the French defeat in the French and Indian War, as it was known in America. The Ottawa chief Pontiac rallied support from several different Indian tribes to fight in defiance of Major General Jeffrey Amherst's new Indian policies. The Indians' surprise attacks seized eight British forts and placed two others under siege. Amherst responded with enough British forces to maintain a foothold in the pay's d'en haut through the end of 1763. In 1764, the British dispatched Colonel John Bradstreet and Colonel Henry Bouquet into the pay's d'en haut to pacify the hostile Indians and reassert control. The war finally ended when Sir William Johnson, the Indian Superintendent representing George III, negotiated treaties with the major tribes of the pays d'en haut in 1765. This monograph explores Pontiac's War to find elements of operational art in a historical study of a brutal conflict in colonial America. Operational planners will be able to better understand how to apply operational art in future irregular conflicts. The loss of French power in the Great Lakes region was an unsatisfactory end for allied Indians following the French and Indian War. Most tribes in the area had developed long-term relationships with the French settlers and crown through trade, social, political, and military interactions. The settlement that ended the war, the 1763 Peace of Paris, had turned Canada, the Ohio Country, and the existing French forts over to British possession. The British policy towards the Indians resulted in increased tensions with the tribes in the region. Many Indian nations began to see the British presence as a direct threat to Indian sovereignty, which resulted in a tenuous relationship with British rule. These tensions caused the Ottawa chief Pontiac to create a coalition of tribes to rise against the British. After building consent among some regional tribes, the coalition was able to overtake, in an impressive manner, several British forts through decentralized tactical actions that surprised the British regulars. The British regulars, commanded by General Sir Jeffery Amherst, developed plans to reassert control in the Great Lakes region in response to the Indian uprising. Pontiac's War began in the summer of 1763 with the siege of Fort Detroit and ended three years later with a treaty at Fort Niagara. Pontiac's Rebellion provides an opportunity for military planners to better understand the utility of the current US Army doctrinal concept of operational art. The tribal coalition was able to work together regardless of tribal differences to influence British actions in the Great Lakes region. The initial success of the Indians in 1763 forced both a political and military reaction from the British. As a political measure, the Proclamation of 1763 was the first British attempt to regulate land use of the new empire and protect the Indians perception of land ownership was safe from British expansion.

Pontiac and the Indian Uprising is both informative and reflective of the attitudes that existed fifty years ago about Native Americans.

Traces the movements of the Indian leader Pontiac in organizing the Indian tribes of the Mississippi valley against the intruding English in 1760.

Written By A Seventeen Year Old Scot Who Was Captured Near Fort Detroit During The Pontiac Rebellion In 1763. Extracted From American Heritage V9, No. 3, April, 1958.

"At the conclusion of the French Indian War, the triumphant British took possession of a vast area west of the Appalachians in the Great Lakes region. It was not only replete with a lucrative fur trade and almost infinite colonization possibilities, but also hostile Indians harboring lingering loyalties to their former French allies. It was not long before overly-strict British regulation of the fur trade, coupled with a perceived arrogance, further fueled Indian resentment of colonial expansion into their territories. Pontiac's Uprising, or Pontiac's Conspiracy, of 1763, named after the Ottawa chief generally recognized as one of its main catalysts, was the violent, sometimes horrifying tribal reaction in 1763 against two short years of controversial British military rule. This important new book looks at the Pontiac Uprising through the eyes of the British military, yet treats both sides fairly and honestly.