This book contains a series of tutorial essays on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) by the leading experts in the field. It starts with an introductory review of the basic concepts and continues with more advanced topics, including a thorough review of PMD mitigation techniques. Topics covered include mathematical representation of PMD, how to properly model PMD in numerical simulations, how to accurately measure PMD and other related polarization effects, and how to infer fiber properties from polarization measurements. It includes discussions of other polarization effects such as polarization-dependent loss and the interaction of PMD with fiber nonlinearity. It additionally covers systems issues like the impact of PMD on wavelength division multiplexed systems. This book is intended for research scientists or engineers who wish to become familiar with PMD and its system impacts.

Um estudo completo da dispersão dos modos de polarização (PMD) em fibras ópticas foi apresentado. Uma nova proposição de Emuladores de PMD com comprimentos de acoplamento aleatóriamente gerados foram comparados, teórica e experimentalmente, com os comumente encontrados na literatura. Um novo método para a medida da freqüência óptica em função do tempo baseado na técnica da discriminação de freqüências ópticas através de um filtro foi apresentado, mostrando suas vantagens sobre outro método encontrado na literatura. Utilizando este novo método foram medidas as características espectrais de alguns lasers DFB modulados em alta freqüência. Os efeitos das PMDs de primeira e segunda ordem em transmissões digitais de alta capacidade foram avaliados, através de medidas da distorção temporal do pulso óptico, bem como pelas penalidades de potência induzidas. O tratamento estatístico das penalidades de potência foi discutido, mostrando que as distorções por PMD de segunda ordem podem levar a uma eventual melhora do desempenho do sistema. Foi proposto um modelamento teórico para a PMD em fibras ópticas, baseado no comportamento observado nos novos emuladores de PMD ccom comprimento de acoplamento aleatório.

This book is structured into 12 chapters to facilitate a logical progression of material and to enable straightforward access to topics by providing the appropriate background and theoretical support. Chapter 1 gives a short introduction to optical fiber communications by considering the historical development, the general system and the major advantages provided by this technology. Chapter 2 discuss about the quality of service and telecommunication impairments. In Chapter 3 the concept of the optical fiber as a transmission medium is introduced using the simple ray theory approach. This is followed by discussion of electromagnetic wave theory applied to optical fibers prior to consideration of lightwave transmission within the various fiber types. In particular, single-mode fiber, together with a more recent class of microstructured optical fiber, referred to as photonic crystal fiber, are covered in further detail. The major transmission characteristics of optical fibers are then dealt with in Chapter 4. Again there is a specific focus on the properties and characteristics of single-mode fibers including, in this third edition, enhanced discussion of single-mode fiber types, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear effects and, in particular, soliton propagation. Chapters 5 and 6 deal with the various transmission and switching techniques. Also discuss the different transmission aspects of Voice Telephony. Chapter 7 describe the light sources employed in optical fiber communications. The other important semiconductor optical source, namely the light-emitting diode, is dealt with in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 discuss about the various design features of Optical Fibers for communication systems. Chapter 9 provides a general treatment of the major measurements which may be undertaken on optical fibers in both the laboratory and the field. The chapter is incorporated at this stage in the book to enable the reader to obtain a more complete understanding of optical fiber subsystems and systems prior to consideration of these issues. Chapter 10 on optical networks comprises an almost entirely new chapter for the third edition which provides both a detailed overview of this expanding field and a discussion of all the major aspects and technological solutions currently being explored. Chapter 11 discusses about the data communications methods. Chapter 12 dealt with the telecommunication lasers techniques

Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems A practical handbook covering polarization measurement and control in optical communication and sensor systems In Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems, the authors deliver a comprehensive exploration of polarization related phenomena, as well as the methodologies, techniques, and devices used to eliminate, mitigate, or compensate for polarization related problems and impairments. The book also discusses polarization-related parameter measurement and characterization technologies in optical fibers and fiber optic devices and the utilization of polarization to solve problems or enable new capabilities in communications, sensing, and measurement systems. The authors provide a practical and hands-on treatment of the information that engineers, scientists, and graduate students must grasp to be successful in their everyday work. In addition to coverage of topics ranging from the use of polarization analysis to obtain instantaneous spectral information on light sources to the design of novel fiber optic gyroscopes for rotation sensing, Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems offers: A thorough introduction to polarization in optical fiber studies, including a history of polarization in optical fiber communication and sensor systems Comprehensive discussions of the fundamentals of polarization, including the effects unique to optical fiber systems, as well as extensive coverage Jones and Mueller matrix calculus for polarization analysis In-depth treatments of active polarization controlling devices for optical fiber systems, including polarization controllers, scramblers, emulators, switches, and binary polarization state generators Fulsome explorations of passive polarization management devices, including polarizers, polarization beam splitters/displacers, wave-plates, Faraday rotators, and depolarizers Extensive review of polarization measurement techniques and devices, including time-division, amplitude-division, and wave-front division Stokes polarimeters, as well as various Mueller matrix polarimeters for PMD, PDL, and birefringence measurements Premiere of binary polarization state analyzers and binary Mueller matrix polarimeters pioneered by the authors, including their applications for highly sensitive PMD, PDL, and birefringence measurements Comprehensive discussion on distributed polarization analysis techniques developed by the authors, including their applications in solving real world problems Detailed descriptions of high accuracy polarimetric fiber optic electric current and magnetic field sensors Perfect for professional engineers, scientists, and graduate students studying fiber optics, Polarization Measurement and Control in Optical Fiber Communication and Sensor Systems enables one to quickly grasp extensive knowledge and latest development of polarization in optical fibers and will earn a place in the libraries of professors and teachers of photonics and related disciplines.

This books aims to present fundamental aspects of optical communication techniques and advanced modulation techniques and extensive applications of optical communications systems and networks employing single-mode optical fibers as the transmission system. New digital techqniues such as chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear phase distortion effects, etc. will be discussed. Practical models for practice and understanding the behavior and dynamics of the devices and systems will be included.