In August 1979 a group of 94 physicists from 60 laboratories in 21 countries met in Erice to attend the 17th Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. The countries represented at the School were: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Nor way, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Yugoslavia. The School was sponsored by the Italian Ministry of Public Education (MPI), the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Techno logical Research (MRST) , the Sicilian Regional Government, and the Weizman Institute of Science. In the theoretical sessions, as expected, Sidney Coleman's (liN) lectures provided a new masterpiece in his Erice series. Andre Martin lectured on the theory of new particles, R.L. Jaffe on the Bag Hodel and Francis E. Low on quark status at low energy. In the more specialized section we were able to reflect on the problem of asymptotic changes in gauge theory, troubles experienced with instantons and finally on the fate of false vacua, thanks to A. Patrascioiu, R. Petronzio, and H. Kleinert. A quite exceptional event this year was the special QCD session wId_ch I leave the reader to enjoy without further introduction.

From 29 August to 7 September 2007, a large group of distinguished lecturers and young physicists from various countries met in Erice, Italy, at the ?Ettore Majorana? Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture (EMFCSC) to attend the 45th Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics: ?Search for the ?Totally Unexpected? in the LHC era?.This book is a collection of lectures delivered during the course, which covered the most recent advances in theoretical physics and the latest results from the current experimental facilities. In the School's effort to encourage and promote young physicists achieve recognition at an international level, students who distinguished themselves for the excellence of their research have been given the opportunity to publish their presentation in this volume.

In August/September 2001, a group of 75 physicists from 51 laboratories in 15 countries met in Erice, Italy to participate in the 39th Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. This volume constitutes the proceedings of that meeting. It focuses on the theoretical and phenomenological developments in string theory, as well as in all the other sectors of subnuclear physics. In addition, experimental highlights are presented and discussed.

This volume is a unique report on the frontiers of subnuclear physics presented by global specialists in a clear and rigorous style.The question of Lattice QCD is presented by R D Kenway, and that of Quark-Gluon Plasma Physics by F Karsch. Quantum Field theory is discussed by R G Dijkgraff, and the status of Local Supersymmetry by M J Duff. Detailed analysis of Supersymmetry in Nuclei is made by F Iachello, and that of Inflation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy by E W Kolb. Compactified dimensions are outlined by I Antoniadis, Horizons in the quantization of the gravitational force by Nobel Laureate G 't Hooft, as also are Neutrino Oscillations by G Fogli and Fundamental Constants by H Fritzsch. The experimental data from BNL and Babar are presented by T W Ludlum and M A Giorgi, those from Fermilab and Hera by Parke and G Wolf. The status at CERN is given by L Maiani for the LHC and by W-D Schlatter for the non-LHC experiments. Highlights from Gran Sasso are presented by A Bettini. This volume also contains reports by a selected group of “new talents” on various topics in the field of subnuclear physics.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences

In August/September 1999, a group of 68 physicists from 48 laboratories in 17 countries met in Erice, Italy, to participate in the 37th Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. This volume constitutes the proceedings of that meeting. It focuses on the basic unity of fundamental physics at both the theoretical and the experimental level. Contents: The Glorious Days of Physics (Dedicated to BjArn H Wiik) (K Johnsen, H Wenninger & G Wolf); Opening Lecture (G ''t Hooft); Mini-courses on Basics (Z Kunszt, A Masiero, E W Kolb, B Greene & E Rabinovici); Experimental Highlights (K Nishikawa, T D Lee, H Wahl & B Winstein); Theoretical Highlights (G ''t Hooft, R Brout, J March-Russell, G Veneziano & F Englert); Special Sessions for New Talents (C Armendiriz-Picn, L Bellantoni, L L Everett, G Eyal, P Jizba, A Marrone, M Nardi, A Seganti & T Weidig). Readership: High energy, experimental and theoretical physicists."

In August/September 1999, a group of 68 physicists from 48 laboratories in 17 countries met in Erice, Italy, to participate in the 37th Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics. This volume constitutes the proceedings of that meeting. It focuses on the basic unity of fundamental physics at both the theoretical and the experimental level.

For the Galvani Bicentenary Celebrations, the University of Bologna and its Academy of Sciences singled out subnuclear physics as the field of scientific research to be associated with this important event, as it would best illustrate, for the new generation of students, the challenge inherent in fundamental sciences. Subnuclear physics was born 50 years ago and has represented, ever since, the new frontiers of Galilean science. In his opening lecture delivered on the first day of the new academic year, Professor Antonino Zichichi analytically reviewed the basic conceptual developments and main discoveries achieved in subnuclear physics during the last 50 years. Given the importance of this field of fundamental research, Professor Zichichi was invited to expand the contents of his lecture into a book, and the outcome is this invaluable volume.