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Ethical issues in modern medicine are of great concern and interest to all physicians and health-care providers throughout the world, as well as to the public at large. Jewish scholars and ethicists have discussed medical ethics throughout Jewish history.

"Encyclopedia of Medicine in the Bible and the Talmud includes many items dealing with the field of Jewish medical ethics and serves as an important tool for those who wish to read about or research medical and related topics as found in traditional biblical and talmudic sources.".

How do you define the precise moment of death? Should "pulling the plug" and mercy killings be allowed by law? Is it necessary to control the birth of "test tube babies"? Should abortions be legal and freely available? What are the social implications of sex-change operations? Should research on cloning and genetic engineering be allowed and encouraged? Should doctors be permitted to perform medical experiments on human subjects?