Throughout this anthropological history, Radding presents multilayered meanings of culture, community, and ecology, and discusses both the colonial policies to which peasant communities were subjected and the responses they developed to adapt and resist them.

This cultural and historical geography of Sonora explores the region’s dual personality—with modern life existing alongside its colonial past. A land where some streams ran with gold. A landscape nearly empty of inhabitants in the wake of Apache raids from the north. And a former desert transformed by irrigation into vast fields of wheat and cotton. This was and is the state of Sonora in northwest Mexico. Robert C. West explores the dual geographic "personality" of this part of Mexico's northern frontier. Utilizing the idea of "old" and "new" landscapes, he describes two Sonoras—to the east, a semiarid to subhumid mountainous region that reached its peak of development in the colonial era; and, to the west, a desert region that has become a major agricultural producer and the modern center of economic and cultural activity. After a description of the physical and biotic aspects of Sonora, West describes the aboriginal farming cultures that inhabited eastern Sonora before the Spanish conquest. He then traces the spread of Jesuit missions and Spanish mining and ranching communities. He charts the decline of eastern Sonora with the coming of Apache and Seri raids during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. And he shows how western Sonora became one of Mexico's most powerful political and economic entities in the twentieth century.

Patterns of relative clause formation tend to vary according to the typological properties of a language. Highly polysynthetic languages tend to have fully nominalized relative clauses and no relative pronouns, while other typologically diverse languages tend to have relative clauses which are similar to main or independent clauses. Languages of the Americas, with their rich genetic diversity, have all been under the influence of European languages, whether Spanish, English or Portuguese, a situation that may be expected to have influenced their grammatical patterns. The present volume focuses on two tasks: The first deals with the discussion of functional principles related to relative clause formation: diachrony and paths of grammaticalization, simplicity vs. complexity, and formalization of rules to capture semantic-syntactic correlations. The second provides a typological overview of relative clauses in nine different languages going from north to south in the Americas.

Disenchanted with biomedicine and dismayed by its cost, increasing numbers of people are seeking alternative therapies such as the healing plants discussed in this book. Plant medicine is a billion-dollar business: health food stores, small yerberias, and even giant grocery store chains carry hundreds of medicinal herbs. By one estimate, up to one-third of the U.S. population uses alternative medicine—generally in addition to conventional therapy and commonly without telling their doctors. The heart of this volume is a complete description of 100 plants commonly used today, often for the same purposes reported by chroniclers of the Aztecs or eighteenth-century European explorers. Information for each plant includes botanical and common plant names, history, contemporary uses, a description of how the plant is prepared and administered, and brief phytochemical data. Discussions of folk efficacy and folk properties—beliefs in how and why the herb heals—help to explain the continued use of each plant into the present day. Are any of these plants dangerous, and do any of them really work? Where did they come from, and where are they available now? How can health-care practitioners gain the confidence of their patients to learn whether they are using alternative medicines for specific illnesses, symptoms, or injuries? Perhaps most intriguing, which of these plants might be waiting to take the place of known antibiotics as pathological organisms become increasingly resistant to modern miracle drugs? Answers to these and other questions will pique the interest of general readers and will be an invaluable resource for health-care providers—especially nurses and other primary-care providers, who often must find an interface between biomedical and more traditional therapies. For all readers, the book opens a window into many ethnic cultures of the region—Mexican American communities, desert Pima, coastal Seri, and others. Here is the fascinating saga of how their healing plants from prehistoric times melded with Old World herbs brought by the Europeans to create the unique pharmacopoeia available today here and in other parts of the world. Plants included: Acacia (Cassie, Acacia) Achillea (Yarrow) Agastache (Giant Hyssop) Agave (Century Plant) Allium (Garlic, Onion) Aloe (Aloe) Ambrosia (Ragweed) Anemopsis (Yerba Mansa) Arctostaphylos (Bearberry, Uva Ursi) Argemone (Prickly Poppy) Aristolochia (Bithwort, Snakeroot) Arracacia (Arracacha) Artemisia (Wormwood, Mugwort, Western Mugwort, Sagebrush) Asclepias (Milkweed) Baccharis (Desert Broom, Seep Willow) Bocconia (Tree Celandine) Buddleia (Butterfly Bush) Bursera (Elephant Tree) Caesalpinia (Mexican Bird-of-Paradise) Cannabis (Marijuana) Capsicum (Chili) Carnegiea (Saguaro) Casimiroa (Zapote) Cassia (Senna) Cereus (Cactus) Chenopodium (Goosefoot, Wormseed) Citrus (Lemon, Lime, Orange) Datura (Jimson Weed) Ephedra (Mormon Tea) Equisetum (Horsetail) Eryngium (Eryngo, Button Snakeroot) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) Euphorbia (Spurge) Eysenhardtia (Kidneywood) Gnaphalium (Everlasting, Cudweed) Guaiacum (Lignum Vitae) Guazuma (Guazuma) Gutierrezia (Turpentine Bush) Haematoxylon (Logwood) Haplopappus (Jimmyweed) Heterotheca (Telegraph Plant, Falso Arnica) Hintonia (Copalqu¡n) Ibervillea (Coyote Melon) Jacquinia (Jacquinia) Jatropha (Limberbush) Juniperus (Juniper) Karwinskia (Coffeeberry) Kohleria (Tree Gloxinia) Krameria (Ratany) Lantana (Lantana) Larrea (Creosote Bush, Greasewood) Ligusticum (Lovage) Lippia (Oregano) Lysiloma (Featherbush) Malva (Mallow) Mammillaria (Pincushion Cactus) Mascagnia (Mascagnia) Matricaria (Chamomile) Mentha (Mint) Nicotiana (Tobacco) Ocimum (Basil) Opuntia (Cholla, Prickly Pear) Perezia (Perezia) Persea (Avocado) Phaseolus (Bean) Phoradendron, Stru