Physiology or medicine was the third prize area Alfred Nobel mentioned in his will. Nobel had an active interest in medical research. He came into contact with Swedish physiologist Jöns Johansson through Karolinska Institute around 1890. Johansson worked for a brief period in Nobel's laboratory in Sevran, France during the same year. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute. This volume is a collection of the Nobel lectures delivered by the Nobel Laureates, together with their biographies and the presentation speeches for the period 2006-2010.List of Laureates and their award citations:(2006) Andrew Z Fire and Craig C Mello — for their discovery of RNA interference-gene silencing by double-stranded RNA;(2007) Mario R Capecchi, Martin J Evans and Oliver Smithies — for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells;(2008) Harald zur Hausen — for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer, and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier — for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus;(2009) Elizabeth H Blackburn, Carol W Greider and Jack W Szostak — for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase;(2010) Robert G Edwards — for the development of in vitro fertilization.

The field of solid state ionics deals with ionically conducting materials in the solid state and numerous devices based on such materials. Solid state ionic materials cover a wide spectrum, ranging from inorganic crystalline and polycrystalline solids, ceramics, glasses, polymers, composites and nano-scale materials. A large number of Scientists in Asia are engaged in research in solid state ionic materials and devices and since 1988. The Asian Society for solid state ionics has played a key role in organizing a series of bi-ennial conferences on solid state ionics in different Asian countries. The contributions in this volume were presented at the 10th conference in the series organized by the Postgraduate Institute of Science (PGIS) and the Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, which coincided with the 10th Anniversary of the Postgraduate Institute of Science (PGIS). The topics cover solid state ionic materials as well as such devices as solid state batteries, fuel cells, sensors, and electrochromic devices. The aspects covered include theoretical studies and modeling, experimental techniques, materials synthesis and characterization, device fabrication and characterization.

In this new edition of A Clinical Approach to Medicine, the editor has assembled a panel of leading clinicians and researchers, and reorganized the material in the key areas of medicine, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, neurology, oncology, rheumatology, renal medicine and respiratory medicine. This book is unique -- it reflects the experience of leading experts on patterns of disease in the Asia-Pacific region. There are several other similar books, but those are by authors from the West and therefore offer a different perspective. The book also includes discussions on genetic diseases, infection and antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, highlighting local incidences and statistics. Each chapter starts with the basic concepts of a particular topic and gradually develops the theme to present the state of the art in the topic. With its focus on practices unique to Asia-Pacific, this book is a must for the student, practicing clinician and research scientist interestedin the latest developments in this part of the world.

This book brings together in one volume fifteen discoveries that have had a major impact upon medical science and the practice of medicine but where the scientists involved have not been awarded a Nobel Prize. Its aim is to publicize the achievements of these lesser-known heroes of our time and thereby inform and entertain the reader, whether medical student, professor or scientifically-minded layman.

During the period 1991 – 1995, important areas of physiological/medical research being recognized were ion channels in cells, protein phosphorylation, split genes, G-proteins and genetic control of embryonic development. The following is a list of the Nobel laureates for those years, with a description of the works that won them their prizes: (1991) E NEHER & B SAKMANN — for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells; (1992) E H FISCHER & E G KREBS — for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism; (1993) R J ROBERTS & P A SHARP — for their discoveries of split genes; (1994) A G GILMAN & M RODBELL — for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells; (1995) E B LEWIS, C NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD & E F WIESCHAUS — for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.