World Bank Technical Paper No. 298. Summarizes the factors that constrain girls schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa and outlines practical ways of designing programs that will accelerate female participation in education in the region. Also available in French: (ISBN 0-8213-3507-3) Stock No. 13507.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Engineering - Power Engineering, , language: English, abstract: Electricity is an essential thing for a human life as it influences every part of people's lives and it is important to the effective functioning of a healthy economy and to ensure a healthy population. However, there are still millions of people deprived of electricity, most of them in the rural areas where electrification experiences challenges such as low profitability, high economic investments or difficulty of operation, among others. At the moment, solar energy has turned into a popular and meaningful alternative energy source to meet specific demands around the world due to the climate change and global warming caused by non-renewable energy resources. The aim of this project is to develop a simple and cost-effective Photovoltaic (PV) system for the rural regions where grid electricity is not available. Specifically, the study will focus on the development of PV system in Kitui County. The research will use both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect the relevant data. This proposed project will help improve the access and transmission of electricity in Kitui County; thus, enhancing the lives of people in the region.

The energy situation in developing countries is desperate.Because these countries are primarily dependent on fossil fuels--chiefly oil--for industrial growth, they have been hard hit by oil price increases. Further, in the rural areas, where most of the population lives, there are limited supplies of increasingly expensive diesel fuel or kerosene. Noncormzercial energy sources such as firewood, dung, and agriouZtural residues are generally used in rural areas, but under the pressure of growing populations the forests are disappearing. This is resulting in a critical shortage of firewood for cooking and heating, as well as in the destruction of the environment. In addition, when dung and agricultural residues are burned, valuable fertilizers are destroyed. Thus, the rural areas--the sources of food and fiber--face a particularly alarming situation.

The evidence suggests that many solar programs are being designed and implemented in isolation and without reliance on published guidelines or the experience gained by others. The conclusion is obvious: the likelihood of a program being successful would be greatly improved if program implementers were made more aware of best practice guidelines and of the lessons and experience learned by others in implementing previous programs. Furthermore, the best practice guidelines not only need to be readily available but need to describe the stages, issues and the stakeholders’ roles in designing and implementing a SHS program. This book showcases a detailed road map that has been developed for the implementation of rural electrification projects in developing countries using solar PV. Features of this book will be case studies derived from personal participatory observation of the authors on Solar Home Systems, their impact, their advantages and disadvantages and their operation.