While the treatment of water and exhaust gas using ultraviolet (UV) light offers both ecological and economic advantages, information on photo-initiated advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) has been dispersed among various journals and proceedings until now. This authoritative and comprehensive handbook is the first to cover both the photochemical fundamentals and practical applications, including a description of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and process engineering of suitable photoreactors. The author presents various real-world examples, including economic aspects, while many references to current scientific literature facilitate access to current research topics relevant for water and air industries. Throughout, over 140 detailed figures visualize photochemical and photophysical phenomena, and help in interpreting important research results. From the foreword by James R. Bolton (President of Bolton Photosciences Inc., Executive Director of the International Ultraviolet Association (IUVA)): "Prof. Oppenländer is well qualified to write about the AOPs/AOTs, since he has contributed to this literature in a very significant manner. This book will be of considerable value to graduate students, science and engineering faculty, scientists, process engineers and sales engineers in industry, government regulators and health professionals."

This book presents current research in the study of photochemistry, including novel electron-transfer three-component visible light photoinitiating systems; photolabile molecules as light-activated switches to control biomolecular and biomaterial properties; organic photochemistry with computational methods; photoinduced transformation processes in surface waters and photochemical processes in needles of over-wintering evergreen conifers.

Basic laboratory technique in organic chemistry plays a vital part in the education of chemistry students. This textbook contains a collection of multistep experiments that all feature one or two photochemical key steps. More than 40 researchers active in the field of organic photochemistry have contributed their favorite experiments for this unusual and modern textbook. In addition, a general section discusses reaction control, the interpretation of UV spectra, quantum yields and chemical yields, and gives information on solvents, lamps, filters, and vessels. The experiments chosen fulfil the following criteria: * starting materials are cheap and readily available * the necessary photochemical equipment is available in (most) institutes * products prepared are useful for further syntheses * the light reaction is efficient. 'Photochemical Key Steps' is a source book of new ideas for supervisors of lab courses and gives students the opportunity to learn about modern techniques in the laboratory and about the important role photochemistry plays in organic synthesis.

An intuitively organized and incisive exploration of UV radiation and its modern applications In Photochemical Reactors: Theory, Methods, and Applications of Ultraviolet Radiation, distinguished civil engineer and researcher Dr. Ernest R. Blatchley III delivers a comprehensive exploration of the theory, methods, and contemporary and emerging applications of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The author describes the fundamentals of the history of photochemistry and photochemical reactions before moving on to consider the dynamic behavior of UV-based reactor systems and the physical concepts that govern natural and man-made sources of UV radiation. The book also covers the numerical and empirical methods used to evaluate photochemical kinetics, photobiological kinetics, and the dynamics of UV photoreactors. Common and emerging applications of UV radiation—like the disinfection of water, wastewater, air, and surfaces—are discussed, and UV-induced transformation processes are also explored. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to methods and principles that are universal to UV processes, as well as comparisons between those processes Critical explorations of the physics of natural and artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation Practical discussions of modern applications of UV radiation, including the disinfection of water, air, wastewater, and surfaces, as well as the use of UV photoreactors to promote photolysis and photo-initiated, radical-mediated reactions Perfect for UV professionals, academics, and scientists, Photochemical Reactors: Theory, Methods, and Applications of Ultraviolet Radiation will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in companies that manufacture UV reactors, as well as engineering consultants with a professional interest in ultraviolet radiation.

This ready reference not only presents the hot and emerging topic of modern flow chemistry, it is also unique in illustrating the important connection to sustainable chemistry. Focusing on more sustainable methods and applications, the text extensively covers every important field from reaction time optimization to waste minimization, and from safety improvements to microwave applications. In addition, green metrics are presented as a key aspect of the book, helping readers to evaluate the efficiency of flow technologies and their impact on the overall efficiency of a chemical process. An invaluable handbook for every chemist working in the laboratory, whether in academia or industry.

Sustainable development is now accepted as a necessary goal for achieving societal, economic and environmental objectives. Within this chemistry has a vital role to play. The chemical industry is successful but traditionally success has come at a heavy cost to the environment. The challenge for chemists and others is to develop new products, processes and services that achieve societal, economic and environmental benefits. This requires an approach that reduces the materials and energy intensity of chemical processes and products; minimises the dispersion of harmful chemicals in the environment; maximises the use of renewable resources and extends the durability and recyclability of products in a way that increases industrial competitiveness as well as improve its tarnished image.

This is an easily-accessible two-volume encyclopedia summarizing all the articles in the main volumes Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fifth Edition organized alphabetically. Written by prominent scholars from industry, academia, and research institutions, the Encyclopedia presents a wide scope of articles on chemical substances, properties, manufacturing, and uses; on industrial processes, unit operations in chemical engineering; and on fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field.