Philadelphia exploded in violence in 1910. The general strike that year was a notable point, but not a unique one, in a generations-long history of conflict between the workers and management at one of the nation's largest privately owned transit systems. In Running the Rails, James Wolfinger uses the history of Philadelphia’s sprawling public transportation system to explore how labor relations shifted from the 1880s to the 1960s. As transit workers adapted to fast-paced technological innovation to keep the city’s people and commerce on the move, management sought to limit its employees’ rights. Raw violence, welfare capitalism, race-baiting, and smear campaigns against unions were among the strategies managers used to control the company’s labor force and enhance corporate profits, often at the expense of the workers’ and the city’s well-being. Public service workers and their unions come under frequent attack for being a "special interest" or a hindrance to the smooth functioning of society. This book offers readers a different, historically grounded way of thinking about the people who keep their cities running. Working in public transit is a difficult job now, as it was a century ago. The benefits and decent wages Philadelphia public transit workers secured—advances that were hard-won and well deserved—came as a result of fighting for decades against their exploitation. Given capital’s great power in American society and management's enduring quest to control its workforce, it is remarkable to see how much Philadelphia’s transit workers achieved.

The development of public transit is an integral part of both business and urban history in late nineteenth-century America. The author begins this study in 1880, when public transportation in large American cities was provided by numerous, competing horse-car companies with little or no public control of operation. By 1912, when the study concludes, a monopoly in each city operated a coordinated network of electric-powered streetcars and, in the largest cities, subways, which were regulated by city and state agencies. The history of transit development reflects two dominant themes: the constant pressure of rapid growth in city population and area and the requirements of the technology developed to service that growth. The case studies here include three of the four cites that had rapid transit during this period. Each case study examines, first, the mechanization of surface lines and, second, the implementation of rapid transit. New York requires an additional chapter on steam-powered, elevated railroads, for early population growth there required rapid transit before the invention of electric technology. Urban transit enterprise is viewed within a clear and familiar pattern of evolution--the pattern of the last half of the nineteenth century, when industries with expanding markets and complex, costly processes of production and distribution adopted new strategy and structure, administered by a new class of professional managers.

In 1903 the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company broke ground on an ambitious project, to create the City of Brotherly Love's first high-speed rail system. When it opened on March 4, 1907, the Market Street Subway-Elevated Line was greeted with acclaim. Running from the suburbs of West Philadelphia on elevated tracks, trains ducked underground to reach the city center. The line would be joined by the Frankford Elevated in 1922, and merged into today's Market-Frankford Line, now operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). Originally printed in 1907 to celebrate the opening of the subway line, Philadelphia's Rapid Transit include descriptive text, and dozens of rare photos showing the men who built the line. The book provides a fascinating glimpse into the construction and design of one of the nation's earliest municipal railway systems. This reprint has been slightly reformatted, but care has been taken to preserve the integrity of the text.

Considers H.R. 4822, to authorize the development of the rapid transit system in D.C.