We are very pleased to put forth the first edition of 'Laboratory Manual of Pharmacology III'. We believe that this laboratory manual will fulfill the aspirations of pharmacology teachers and students too. This manual is prepared as per PCI Education Regulations, 2014 for Degree Course in Pharmacy. This manual is designed for 'outcome-based education' and each experiment is arranged in a uniform way such as practical significance, practical outcomes (PrOs) and its mapping with course outcomes, minimum theoretical background, resources used, procedure, precautions, observations, result, conclusion, references and related questions. In addition, the mapping of PrOs with blooms taxonomy level is provided to know the level of learning. Moreover, the readings/observations/recorded graphs are given for the easy and in depth understanding of students. The experiments given are as per the OECD guidelines. Teacher and students have to use suitable software to know the demonstration of the experiment. The tables are given to record the observations from the software. In addition, the questions are given at the end of experiments so as to improve the learning of students.. This manual is a sincere effort to improve the critical thinking of students so that every student will understand the objective of each experiment and perform calculation smoothly. Theory of each experiment is given in all sixteen experiments making the manual more informative and interesting. We acknowledge the help and co-operation extended by various people in bringing out this manual. We are highly indebted to the authors of various books and articles mentioned in bibliography which became a major source of information for writing this manual. We also thank the publishers, designers and printers who graciously worked hard to publish this manual in time. We hope that this manual will assist students in understanding concepts, principles, and performing procedures. We wish you all the best!”

We are very pleased to put forth the first edition of 'Laboratory Manual of Pharmacology II'. We believe that this laboratory manual will fulfill the aspirations of pharmacology teachers and students too. This manual is prepared as per PCI Education Regulations, 2014 for Degree Course in Pharmacy. This manual is designed for 'outcome-based education' and each experiment is arranged in a uniform way such as practical significance, practical outcomes (PrOs) and its mapping with course outcomes, minimum theoretical background, resources used, procedure, precautions, observations, result, conclusion, references and related questions. In addition, the mapping of PrOs with blooms taxonomy level is provided to know the level of learning. Moreover, the readings/observations/recorded graphs are given for the easy and in depth understanding of students. The experiments given are as per the OECD guidelines. Teacher and students have to use suitable software to know the demonstration of the experiment. The tables are given to record the observations from the software. In addition, the questions are given at the end of experiments to increase the knowledge of students. This manual is a sincere effort to improve the critical thinking of students so that every student will understand the objective of each experiment and perform calculation smoothly. Theory of each experiment is given in all sixteen experiments making the manual more informative and interesting. We acknowledge the help and co-operation extended by various people in bringing out this manual. We are highly indebted to the authors of various books and articles mentioned in bibliography which became a major source of information for writing this manual. We also thank the publishers, designers and printers who graciously worked hard to publish this manual in time. We hope that this manual will assist students in understanding concepts, principles, and performing procedures. We wish you all the best!"

We are very pleased to put forth the revised edition of 'Laboratory Manual of Pharmacology'. We have incorporated all the suggestions, modified it to make it easier, student friendly and relevant in terms of achieving curriculum outcome. We are very much thankful to all the learned teachers who have given their feedback whole-heartedly. We have even incorporated the changes in this manual based on the feedback given by the teachers from all the institutes. Now, we believe that the manual has been fulfilling the aspirations of pharmacology teachers and students too. This manual is prepared as per PCI Education Regulations, 2020 for Diploma Course in Pharmacy. The methods of all the experiments are reviewed and added from the recent research papers, so that the advancement in the methods or apparatus can be addressed. This manual is designed for 'outcome-based education' and each experiment is arranged in a uniform way such as practical significance, practical outcomes (PrOs) and its mapping with course outcomes, minimum theoretical background, resources used, procedure, precautions, observations, result, conclusion, references and related questions. We have also given the readings for the reference of students and better understanding. Moreover, assessment scheme is also given to help the student and teacher to know what to be assessed. The experiments given are as per the OECD guidelines. Teacher and students have to use suitable software or MSBTE software or any other software to know the demonstration of the experiment. The tables are given to record the observations from the MSBTE software or any other suitable software. In addition, the questions are given at the end of experiments to increase the knowledge of students about the application of statistics, which would be helpful for them when they will go for higher studies. Hope this manual will help the students to learn the concept, principles and perform the experiments virtually. We wish you all the best!!!