This guide describes the steps that national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) should follow when determining the status of a pest in an area, starting with identifying the pest and the area under consideration. It provides guidance on gathering and evaluating information, assessing sources of uncertainty, and how to use pest records and other relevant information to determine whether a pest is absent or present in the area and then to select the appropriate pest status category, as described in ISPM 8 (Determination of pest status in an area). This includes guidance on determining whether a pest is expected to establish in an area, and whether it is widely distributed or under official control. The guide describes the responsibilities of NPPOs when determining the status of pests within their territories, the requirements for national legislation to support actions relevant to pest status and how pest status determination fits within the international phytosanitary framework. It also describes how the outcomes of pest status determination may be used to support other key activities, such as preparing regulated pest lists, pest reporting, and securing or maintaining market access. Finally, the guide provides a number of case studies from around the world that highlight different aspects of the pest status determination process and how NPPOs deal with particular issues. By providing a deeper understanding of the process and the factors that should be considered when determining pest status, the guide aims to improve consistency in the processes used by NPPOs to make pest status determinations.

The purpose of the Guide is to support national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) who wish to establish and maintain pest free areas (PFA) including places and/or production sites (PFPP and PFPS) as well as areas of low pest prevalence (ALPP). To facilitate an understanding of the processes to establish and maintain PFAs and ALPPs, a diagram in the form of a decision tree was constructed that identifies and outlines five general phases of programme development as follows: initiation, feasibility, establishment, maintenance, and market access phases. The guide is then divided into corresponding sections that describe what the key elements of each phase are, why these elements are important, what some of the common challenges and pitfalls are, and factors that may influence the success of the different phases such as budget stability, public outreach, availability of good survey and control tools, and open engagement with stakeholders and trading partners. By providing a deeper understanding of the factors that should be considered when establishing a PFA, PFPP, PFPS or ALPP the guide aims to overcome the challenges and maximize the impact of these efforts to the benefit of all parties. The guide concludes by providing a number of case studies from around the world that highlight successful PFA and ALPP programmes and how they deal with particular key issues. This guide contains current experience and the most advanced phytosanitary procedures in the implementation of PFA and ALPP, however, it is subjected to revision and updates as new developments are made available.

This pest control guide is a project of the Southern Nursery IPM Working Group (SNIPM) and collaborators. Featuring 25 tables and 14 graphs, this guide provides up to date information about pest control products used in nursery crops and ornamental landscape plantings in the southeast. It is a quality resource on its own or as a supplement to more comprehensive integrated pest management (IPM) manuals for trees and shrubs. This publication and more comprehensive IPM manuals are available in free downloadable PDF versions from the SNIPM web site at https: //wiki.bugwood.org/SNIPM.

The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) aims to secure coordinated, effective action to prevent and to control the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products. This is achieved through the development and implementation of phytosanitary policies and activities. At a country scale, such activities are the responsibility of the national plant protection organization (NPPO), which is the official service established by a government to discharge the functions specified by the IPPC. While an NPPO has responsibility for phytosanitary actions, it cannot operate in isolation and relies on engagement with other government bodies, the private sector and civil society to protect plant health.

This guideline describes the most widely used classic and modern phytosanitary procedures for the management of fruit flies that infest fruits and vegetables and that are of quarantine and economic importance, specifically species of the genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus, Rhagoletis and Zeugodacus. Pest management can be aimed at the native species of fruit flies or to prevent the introduction, establishment and spread of non-native species. This document is the first comprehensive guideline developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the united Nations (FAO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for area-wide fruit fly pest management including area-wide suppression, containment, eradication, and exclusion strategies. It is a much-needed complement to the already published FAO/IAEA guidelines for fruit fly survey “Trapping Guidelines for Area-wide Fruit Fly Programmes” and “Fruit Sampling Guidelines for Area-Wide Fruit Fly Programmes”.

The introduction and purpose provide the scope and background of the guide, as well as key principles of outbreak management and description and comparison of generic and specific contingency plans. Organizational arrangements cover legislation, command structure, training, outbreak exercises, consultation, resourcing, communications, documentation, and funding. Background information on the pest provides information on pest risk assessment. Official actions based on presumptive diagnosis include information about notification, escalation, triage and significance assessment including staff resourcing, imposition of measures and maintenance of trade. The chapter on official actions to eradicate the pest after confirmation of diagnosis includes area restrictions, movement controls, trace forward and trace back, delimitation and surveillance, legislation, treatments and other management measures, and engagement with stakeholders. Review of measures in cases of prolonged official actions considers establishing trigger points, auditing and considering how success is demonstrated. Determining completion of official action considers criteria for pest freedom and measures to maintain plant pest freedom. The chapter on recovery and compensation covers de-escalation, stakeholder support and compensation arrangements. Evaluation and revision of contingency plans considers lessons learned, consideration of gaps in the plan, revision of the plan, and implementation of lessons learned.