Análise de Dados de uma Avaliação Nacional de Desempenho Educacional é o quarto de cinco volumes da série Avaliações Nacionais de Desempenho Educacional. Os outros volumes descreveram os procedimentos em uma avaliação até ao ponto em que os dados foram preparados para a análise estatística, o tópico deste volume. As análises concretas a ser realizadas dependerão das necessidades de informação dos formuladores de políticas e dos gestores no âmbito do ensino. Na maioria das avaliações nacionais, relacionam-se com a qualidade da aprendizagem dos alunos, fatores relacionados com a aprendizagem, questões de equidade, e, em alguns casos, alterações nos resultados educacionais ao longo do tempo. O Volume 4, que compreende duas partes, fornece instruções pormenorizadas acerca de como analisar dados coligidos em uma avaliação nacional. A Parte I prevê uma introdução geral à s análises estatísticas normalmente realizadas nas avaliações em grande escala, avaliando a tendência central e a dispersão das pontuações dos alunos e as relações entre as variáveis. A Parte II descreve o software IATA (Análise de Item e de Teste), que utiliza a teoria clássica dos testes e a teoria de resposta ao item para estabelecer escalas onde reportar as pontuações dos alunos. Os passos da análise das administrações de testes piloto e finais estão descritos detalhadamente. É acompanhado por um CD que contém exercícios especialmente concebidos e arquivos de dados de suporte para ambas as partes do volume. Este livro será de interesse para os especialistas em avaliação de governos nacionais, regionais e locais; instituições de investigação; e universidades.

This book analyzes teacher quality in Latin America and the Caribbean, which is the key to faster education progress. Based on new research in 15,000 classrooms in seven different countries, it documents the sources of low teacher quality and distills the global evidence on practical policies that can help the region produce "great teachers."

The discussion of where people live and how people pay for their housing has undergone a significant shift. Until the mortgage crisis erupted in 2008, the housing policy of most nations focused on increasing home ownership. There had been very little discussion about rental housing, less about social housing, and virtually none about public housing. The mortgage crisis showed the challenges inherent in pushing for home ownership for all. With homes going into foreclosure and with credit tightening in many countries, the need for rental housing increased dramatically. However, most countries are only beginning to consider supporting rental housing as a shelter option. This book is an effort to bring rental housing to the forefront of the housing agenda and to provide general guidance to policy makers. The information it provides can assist key players in housing markets--government officials, private rental property owners, financiers, and nongovernmental organizations--in including rental housing as a critical housing option and in having an informed discussion on how best to stimulate this sector.

Brazil approaches its 2018 election with an economy that is gradually recovering from the deepest recession in its recent economic history. However, for many Brazilians, the recovery has not yet translated into new and better jobs, or rising incomes. This book explores the drivers of future employment and income growth. Its key finding: Brazil needs to dramatically improve its performance across all industries in terms of productivity if the country is to provide better jobs for its citizens and generate lasting gains in incomes growth for all. This is particularly important as Brazil is aging rapidly and the boost the country has enjoyed thanks to its young and growing labor force in the past decades will disappear in just a few years’ time. The book recommends a change in the relationship between the state and business, from rewarding privileged incumbents to fostering competition and innovation—together with supporting workers and firms to adjust to the demands of the market. The book is addressed to all scholars and students of Brazil’s economy, especially those interested in why the country’s economic performance has not kept up with earlier achievements since the reintroduction of democracy in the mid-1980s. Its conclusions are urgent and pertinent but also optimistic. With the right policy mix, Brazil could enter the third century of its independence in 2022 well on track to join the ranks of high income countries.