The principal objective of the research effort was to develop historical performance data for bituminous sandstone pavements and bituminous limestone pavements relative to visual distress, pavement rutting characteristics, and structural condition using deflection measurements. Data relative to Road Rater deflections, pavement rutting, condition ratings based on subjective visual surveys and objective data such as skid resistance and rideability, were collected and analyzed during the course of the study. It was concluded, based upon information gained during the evaluation period and summarized in this report, that pavements constructed with bituminous sandstone bases did not develop excessive rut depths, were more resistant to shoving and pushing, but appeared to exhibit cracking at an earlier age than pavements constructed with bituminous limestone bases. The use of bituminous sandstone mixtures addresses problems such as haul costs, rutting, skid resistance, etc. Field engineers indicated that although bituminous sandstone surface mixtures have a slight tendency to ravel, they are very resistant to rutting and applications of bituminous sandstone base and surface mixtures have been very successful in their estimation.

This volume contains contributions from international experts, reflecting the rapid advances in the design of new improved bitumen and hydraulic bound composites, the trends in the use of waste and recycled materials and up-to-date methods of testing and evaluation.

The maintenance and upgrading of our built environment, including large sections of coastal defences, relies heavily on natural construction materials. The text aims to highlight a range of pressing research issues in natural construction materials of direct relevance to an industry facing growing pressures for environmental sustainability and standardization of product quality within Europe. Tests and specifications given in the forthcoming Eurostandards for aggregates and armourstones are considered and correlated with older more widely used tests, including those which could impact upon current road safety. This text should be useful to: aggregate and amourstone suppliers and users; civil and engineering geologists; quarry companies; and Local and County Authority engineers and coastal engineers.

Innovations in Road, Railway and Airfield Bearing Capacity – Volume 3 comprises the third part of contributions to the 11th International Conference on Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (2022). In anticipation of the event, it unveils state-of-the-art information and research on the latest policies, traffic loading measurements, in-situ measurements and condition surveys, functional testing, deflection measurement evaluation, structural performance prediction for pavements and tracks, new construction and rehabilitation design systems, frost affected areas, drainage and environmental effects, reinforcement, traditional and recycled materials, full scale testing and on case histories of road, railways and airfields. This edited work is intended for a global audience of road, railway and airfield engineers, researchers and consultants, as well as building and maintenance companies looking to further upgrade their practices in the field.