Thoroughly updated, this second edition is the most comprehensive reference on the methods available for the enhancement of percutaneous penetration. The book examines a broad scope of chemical enhancers and various physical methods of enhancement. The range of chemicals discussed is, arguably, unsurpassed anywhere in the literature. This edition contains comprehensive descriptions of the latest techniques and several chapters cover the modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration enhancement. New to this volume are chapters addressing penetration retardation, important for substances such as sunscreen agents, for which skin penetration is not desirable.

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers in a mini-series format comprising five volumes, represents the most comprehensive reference on enhancement methods – both well established and recently introduced – in the field of dermal/transdermal drug delivery. In detail the broad range of both chemical and physical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs is described. All aspects of drug delivery and measurement of penetration are covered and the latest findings are provided on skin structure and function, mathematics in skin permeation and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. In offering a detailed description of the methods currently in use for penetration enhancement, this book will be of value for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners and also students.​

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers in a mini-series format comprising five volumes, represents the most comprehensive reference on enhancement methods - both well established and recently introduced - in the field of dermal/transdermal drug delivery. In detail the broad range of both chemical and physical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs is described. All aspects of drug delivery and measurement of penetration are covered and the latest findings are provided on skin structure and function, mathematics in skin permeation and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. In offering a detailed description of the methods currently in use for penetration enhancement, this book will be of value for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners and also students.

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers in a mini-series format comprising five volumes, represents the most comprehensive reference on enhancement methods – both well established and recently introduced – in the field of dermal/transdermal drug delivery. In detail the broad range of both chemical and physical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs is described. All aspects of drug delivery and measurement of penetration are covered, and the latest findings are provided on skin structure and function, mathematics in skin permeation, and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. In offering a detailed description of the methods currently in use for penetration enhancement, this book will be of value for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners, students and dermatological scientists or dermatologists​.

This truly comprehensive reference, in a mini-series format with five volumes, offers a detailed description of both well-known and recently introduced methods for percutaneous penetration enhancement. The first three volumes are devoted to the broad range of chemical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs, including the vast variety of chemical penetration enhancers, drug and vehicle manipulation strategies, nanocarriers, and many others. The fourth volume discusses the diverse physical methods used in penetration enhancement, such as sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation, microporation, laser ablation, and microneedles. Determination of drug penetration is covered in the final volume, with a focus especially on mathematics in skin permeation and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. This edition of Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers will be an invaluable resource for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners, and also students.

This truly comprehensive reference, in a mini-series format with five volumes, offers a detailed description of both well-known and recently introduced methods for percutaneous penetration enhancement. The first three volumes are devoted to the broad range of chemical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs, including the vast variety of chemical penetration enhancers, drug and vehicle manipulation strategies, nanocarriers, and many others. The fourth volume discusses the diverse physical methods used in penetration enhancement, such as sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation, microporation, laser ablation, and microneedles. Determination of drug penetration is covered in the final volume, with a focus especially on mathematics in skin permeation and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. This edition of Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers will be an invaluable resource for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners, and also students.

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers in a mini-series format comprising five volumes, represents the most comprehensive reference on enhancement methods – both well established and recently introduced – in the field of dermal/transdermal drug delivery. In detail the broad range of both chemical and physical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs is described. All aspects of drug delivery and measurement of penetration are covered, and the latest findings are provided on skin structure and function, mathematics in skin permeation, and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. In offering a detailed description of the methods currently in use for penetration enhancement, this book will be of value for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners, and also students.​