Millions of children are dying each year with preventable and reversible critical illness, including circulatory shock and respiratory failure. According to the World Health Organization, in 2015, the under-five mortality rate in low-income countries was 76 deaths per 1000 live births – about 11 times the average rate in high-income countries (7 deaths per 1000 live births). There is limited data about the nature of the delivery of critical care in resource-limited regions. The care of critically ill children in low-resource settings is challenging, contributing factors include limitations in the existing infrastructure, lack of resources, and low numbers of appropriately trained healthcare workers. Meeting these challenges requires clinical evidence pertinent to the local settings, adequate number of well-trained personnel, quality improvement activities, and the ongoing development of preventative measures. In addition, approaches to prevent worsening critical illness in at-risk hospitalized patients are needed. We are presenting 15 state-of-the art manuscripts from international experts, from all settings, involved in the care of critically ill children in resource-limited settings. This collection of manuscripts covers topics including education, research, clinical experience and infectious diseases. We hope that we are providing a window into the future of critical care delivery for all children around the world.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It constitutes a unique source of knowledge and guidance for all healthcare workers who care for patients with sepsis and septic shock in resource-limited settings. More than eighty percent of the worldwide deaths related to sepsis occur in resource-limited settings in low and middle-income countries. Current international sepsis guidelines cannot be implemented without adaptations towards these settings, mainly because of the difference in local resources and a different spectrum of infectious diseases causing sepsis. This prompted members of the Global Intensive Care working group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU, Bangkok, Thailand) - among which the Editors – to develop with an international group of experts a comprehensive set of recommendations for the management of sepsis in resource-limited settings. Recommendations are based on both current scientific evidence and clinical experience of clinicians working in resource-limited settings. The book includes an overview chapter outlining the current challenges and future directions of sepsis management as well as general recommendations on the structure and organization of intensive care services in resource-limited settings. Specific recommendations on the recognition and management of patients with sepsis and septic shock in these settings are grouped into seven chapters. The book provides evidence-based practical guidance for doctors in low and middle income countries treating patients with sepsis, and highlights areas for further research and discussion.

Still the #1 resource for today’s pediatric ICU teams, Pediatric Critical Care, 5th Edition covers the entire field, from basic science to cutting-edge clinical applications. Drs. Bradley P. Fuhrman and Jerry J. Zimmerman, accompanied by an expert team of editors and contributors from around the world, bring you today’s best information on the current and future landscape of pediatric critical care so you can consistently deliver optimum care to your young patients. Boasts highly readable, concise chapters with hundreds of useful photos, diagrams, algorithms, and clinical pearls. Clear, logical, organ-system approach allows you to focus on the development, function, and treatment of a wide range of disease entities. Includes new content on the expanding use of ultrasound at the bedside and the increase in nursing responsibilities in the PICU. Eighteen new chapters cover topics such as delirium, metabolism, endocrinology, nutrition, nursing, and much more. Features expanded and updated information on critical communication, professionalism, long-term outcomes, palliative care, ultrasonography, PCCM in resource-limited settings, ventilator-induced lung injury, non-invasive ventilation, updated CNS pathophysiology, the ‘Erythron’, and immunity and infection.

The Pocket Book is for use by doctors nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first level referral hospitals. This second edition is based on evidence from several WHO updated and published clinical guidelines. It is for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. In some settings these guidelines can be used in any facilities where sick children are admitted for inpatient care. The Pocket Book is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Managem.