Writing manuscripts is central to the advance of scientific knowledge. For an early career aspiring scientist, writing first author manuscripts is an opportunity to develop critical skills and to credential their expertise. Writing manuscripts, however, is difficult, doubly so for scientists who use English as a second language. Many science students intentionally avoid a writing-intensive curriculum. Careful, thorough reviews of draft manuscripts are difficult to secure, and experienced scientific supervisors face more demands on their time than they have time available. Weak draft manuscripts discourage supervising scientists investing the time to coach revisions. It is easier for experienced scientists to ignore the request, or to simply rewrite the article. Early career scientists are motivated to address these barriers but specific advice is difficult to find, and much of this advice is behind a pay wall. This essential, open access text presents writing lessons organized as common errors, providing students and early-career researchers with an efficient way to learn, and mentors with a quick-reference guide to reviewing. Error descriptions include specific examples drawn from real-world experiences of other early-career writers, and suggestions for how to successfully address and avoid these in the future. Versions of this book have been used by Stanford University, UC Davis, Johns Hopkins, and numerous international institutions and organizations for over a decade.

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Introduction : charting pathways in global health diplomacy / Stephen A. Matlin and Ilona Kickbusch -- Negotiating the World Health Organization reform process / Mihály Kökény -- How should the World Health Organization reform? : an analysis and review of the literature / Andrew Cassels, Ilona Kickbusch, Michaela Told, and Ioana Ghiga -- Combating antimicrobial resistance : building consensus for global action / Mark Rush and Sally C. Davies -- The global poliomyelitis eradication initiative : the role of diplomacy in reaching "the last 1%" / Liam J. Donaldson and Paul D. Rutter -- Information-sharing and disease reporting in a new era of international frameworks and communication technology : Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Ebola virus disease outbreaks / Rebecca Katz, Claire J. Standley, Sarah Kornblet, Erin Sorrell, Andrea Vaught, and Julie E. Fischer -- Negotiation and health diplomacy : the case of tobacco / Raymond Saner and Lichia Yiu -- Tobacco plain packaging, the World Trade Organization, and the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control / Jonathan Liberman and Suzanne Zhou -- Positioning women's and children's health in the post-2015 sustainable development agenda / Kadidiatou Toure and Carole Presern -- Negotiating the sustainable development goals : the role of non-state actors / Marianne Haslegrave -- Conclusions : shifting pathways in global health diplomacy / Stephen A. Matlin and Ilona Kickbusch

Following the publication of Negotiating and Navigating Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy edited by Ellen Rosskam and Ilona Kickbusch, this second volume of case studies will complement the first volume and extends its scope. The new book focuses on health diplomacy negotiations, in Geneva and elsewhere, that have involved WHO or that have substantial implications for the work of WHO. Each of the chapters provides a detailed account of a particular example of global health negotiation, concerning hard and soft law instruments but also addressing the full range of health issues — reaching from issues of research and development, polio eradication, NCDs and plain packaging, to the post-2015 process, the WHO reform and non-state involvement. The book therefore captures a wide-range of experiences of distinguished diplomats, academics and senior practitioners.The contributions to the book are written by negotiators and academics and thus, will provide a unique angle and a tool of reflection for a broad audience. In particular, it will be of interest not only to the academic community and students, but also to policy-makers and diplomats. The case studies will allow for learning on how negotiations work in a complex policy environment. The focus on WHO will explore how a major international organization engages in global health diplomacy and on the implications that health-related diplomacy taking place in a variety of settings has for its work. As such, the book is an important contribution to the growing field of global health diplomacy and to the debate about the role of WHO in the 21str century.

The world’s problems are indeed world problems: social and environmental crises, global trade and politics, and major epidemics are making public health a pressing global concern. From this constantly changing scenario, global health diplomacy has evolved, at the intersection of public health, international relations, law, economics, and management—a new discipline with transformative potential. Global Health Diplomacy situates this concept firmly within the human rights dialogue and provides a solid framework for understanding global health issues and their negotiation. This up-to-the-minute guide sets out defining principles and the current agenda of the field, and examines key relationships such as between trade and health diplomacy, and between global health and environmental issues. The processes of global governance are detailed as the UN, WHO, and other multinational actors work to address health inequalities among the world’s peoples. And to ensure maximum usefulness, the text includes plentiful examples, discussion questions, reading lists, and a glossary. Featured topics include: The legal basis of global health agreements and negotiations. Global public goods as a foundation for global health diplomacy. Global health: a human security perspective. Health issues and foreign policy at the UN. National strategies for global health. South-south cooperation and other new models of development. A volume of immediate utility with a potent vision for the future, Global Health Diplomacy is an essential text for public health experts and diplomats as well as schools of public health and international affairs.

This book, designed for professionals, introduces a psychobiological model for understanding the paths that lead people to illness and provides recommendations for alterations of maladaptive pathways so that health is regained. Research findings are incorporated to identify causal variables for illness that can be targets for change. Evidence based recommendations for healthy behaviors and therapies are described. Throughout the book, the authors emphasize recognition of turning points on the path to illness that, through informed decision making and implementation of behavioral change, can be re-directed to pathways to health. This book presents case material to illustrate the directions that lead people to illness or to health. The pathways metaphor provides an organizing force, both in addressing variables contributing to illness onset, and in identifying interventions to restore health. This approach will guide the clinician to understanding how people become ill and the types of interventions that are appropriate for stress related illnesses. The clinician will also become better informed about ways to help clients make better decisions, mobilize clients’ survival skills, and implement an interactive model of care. The book includes chapters on stress-related illnesses with high prevalence in today’s society. For each illness, the genetic-psychobiological etiology is explored with enough detail so that the clinician understands the best method of patient assessment and treatment. One of the strengths of the book is the step-wise system of interventions that are applied to the stress-related illnesses. Beginning with re-establishment of normal daily psychobiological rhythms and continuing to evidence based state of the art interventions, the professional is presented with detailed intervention plans. For example, the section on "Applications to common illnesses: metabolic disorders of behavior: diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia" considers the confluence of genetics, behavior, and maladaptive mind body interactions to produce the metabolic syndrome. Then the personal and professional assessments are described to establish the baseline for recommending treatment while fully engaging the patient. Finally, multilevel interventions are formulated for these disorders. The plan begins with clinician guided self care recommendations to re-establish the normal rhythm of appetite and satiety. The next level of interventions consists of skill building techniques, such as relaxation and imagery. Lastly, psychotherapy and advanced applied psychophysiological interventions are detailed. Case examples are used throughout to illustrate the pathways to illness, the turning points, and the pathways to health. From the patients’ viewpoints, the pathways metaphor is a motivator. The patient is guided to understand the paths that led to illness. Subsequently, the patient becomes empowered by the pathways framework to begin to make choices that lead to health.

Global health is a rapidly emerging discipline with a transformative potential for public policy and international development. Emphasizing transnational health issues, global health aims to improve health and achieve health equity for all people worldwide. Its multidisciplinary scope includes contributions from many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, social and behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, economics, public policy, law and ethics. This large reference offers up-to-date information and expertise across all aspects of global health and helps readers to achieve a truly multidisciplinary understanding of the topics, trends as well as the clinical, socioeconomic and environmental drivers impacting global health. As a fully comprehensive, state-of-the-art and continuously updated, living reference, the Handbook of Global Health is an important, dynamic resource to provide context for global health clinical care, organizational decision-making, and overall public policy on many levels. Health workers, physicians, economists, environmental and social scientists, trainees and medical students as well as professionals and practitioners will find this handbook of great value.