This study analyzes the social significance of prefaces with reference to Bulgarian editions of American literature published between 1948 and 1998. Such prefaces present a diverse body of texts, in different voices, involving numerous actors in the cultural sphere. These raise a range of interesting questions. How do prefaces in Bulgaria structure American literary and cultural studies? What ideological dimensions are found in them through the communist period and immediately afterwards? How are questions about “race” mediated? What do they indicate about Bulgaria’s relations to the USA, the former USSR and other European countries? How aware are American Studies scholars of the underlying presumptions of their professional field? These and other important questions are carefully considered in this book, while exploring a large body of fascinating source material which has received little systematic attention so far.

This book is a collective journal of the COVID-19 pandemic. With first-hand accounts of the pandemic as it unfolded, it explores the social and the political through the lens of the outbreak. Featuring contributors located in India, the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Bulgaria, the book presents us with simultaneous multiple histories of our time. The volume documents the beginning of social distancing and lockdown measures adopted by countries around the world and analyses how these bore upon prevailing social conditions in specific locations. It presents the authors’ personal observations in a lucid conversational style as they reflect on themes such as the reorganization of political debates and issues, the experience of the marginalized, theodicy, government policy responses, and shifts into digital space under lockdown, all of these under an overarching narrative of the healthcare and economic crisis facing the world. A unique and engaging contribution, this book will be useful to students and researchers of sociology, public health, political economy, public policy, and comparative politics. It will also appeal to general readers interested in pandemic literature.

Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.

Extensive experimentation and high failure rates are a well-recognized downside to the drug discovery process, with the resultant high levels of inefficiency and waste producing a negative environmental impact. Sustainable and Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry 2e reveals how medicinal chemistry can play a direct role in addressing this issue. After providing essential context to the growth of green chemistry in relation to drug discovery, the book goes on to identify a broad range of practical techniques and useful insights, revealing how medicinal chemistry techniques can be used to improve efficiency, mitigate failure and increase the environmental benignity of the entire drug discovery process. Drawing on the knowledge of a global team of experts, Sustainable and Green Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry, Second Edition encourages the growth of green medicinal chemistry, and supports medicinal chemists, drug discovery researchers, pharmacologists and all those in related fields across both academia and industry in integrating these approaches into their own work. This second volume of the second edition includes the development of nanoparticles and nanocomposites, as well as the application of ultrasound and microwave-induced methods; studies solventless synthesis; defines the role of steroids; studies reactions in aqueous solution; identifies enzyme-mediated reactions; investigates ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents; explores natural products; investigates solid supports; realizes the effects of salts; focuses on combinatorial chemistry; develops one-pot methods; analyzes multi-component reactions; investigates dipole moment values; and examines computer-assisted methods. - Highlights the need for adoption of sustainable and green chemistry pathways in drug development - Reveals risk factors associated with the drug development process and the ways sustainable approaches can help address these - Identifies novel and cost effective green medicinal chemistry approaches for improved efficiency and sustainability

The fact that, of the approximately 600,000 plant species existing on the earth, only some 5 % have been specifically investigated chemically or pharmacologi cally, is a challenge to chemists spezializing in na tural substances and to pharmacologists. In view of the limited number of research capacities and the ever diminishing financial means, this challenge can only be met if, together with an improvement and refinement of methods of analysis, medicinal plant research is carried out on a broader interdisciplinary basis, with comparable, scientifically recognized screening methods, and if it is better coordinated, with greater use of modern documentation means. It is thus necessary in the future to concentrate specifically on projects leading to the development of new medicinal prepara tions. The plenary lectures hold in the present symposium of the 1st International Congress for Research on Medi cinal Plants reflect these efforts and tendencies. At the same time they provide a survey of some of the fields of medicinal plant research which are at present most actual and most intensively researched. They range from plant screening, isolation and structure eluci dation of new principles, to the therapeutical opti mization of a natural product. The lectures given at this congress show clearly the necessity, in addition to national phytochemical so cieties, for a central international organisation, in which all active medicinal plant researchers in the world are included. Their aim should be to provide the impulse for more optimal, rational research, aimed at the solution of specific projects.