Providing supplemental oxygen is an essential element of emergency care. Anyone expected to use a medical oxygen device can benefit from this program. The text effectively outlines the importance and

"Hypoxaemia is a major contributor to child deaths that occur worldwide each year; for a child with pneumonia hypoxaemia increases the risk of death by up to 5 times. Despite its importance in virtually all types of acute severe illness, hypoxaemia is often not well recognized or well managed, more so in settings where resources are limited. Oxygen therapy remains an inaccessible luxury for a large proportion of severely ill children admitted to hospitals in developing countries. This is particularly true for patients in small district hospitals, where, even if some facility for delivering oxygen is available, supplies are often unreliable and the benefits of treatment may be diminished by poorly maintained, inappropriate equipment or poorly trained staff with inadequate guidelines. Increasing awareness of these problems is likely to have considerable clinical and public health benefits in the care of severely ill children. Health workers should be able to know the clinical signs that suggest the presence of hypoxaemia and have more reliable means of detection of hypoxeamia. This can be achieved through more widespread use of pulse oximetry, which is a non-invasive measure of arterial oxygen saturation. At the same time oxygen therapy must be more widely available; in many remote settings, this can be achieved by use of oxygen concentrators, which can run on regular or alternative sources of power. Having effective systems for the detection and management of hypoxaemia are vital in reducing mortality from pneumonia and other severe acute illnesses. Oxygen therapy is essential to counter hypoxaemia and many times is the difference between life and death. This manual focuses on the availability and clinical use of oxygen therapy in children in health facilities by providing the practical aspects for health workers, biomedical engineers, and administrators. It addresses the need for appropriate detection of hypoxaemia, use of pulse oximetry, clinical use of oxygen and delivery systems and monitoring of patients on oxygen therapy. In addition, the manual addresses practical use of pulse oximetry, and oxygen concentrators and cylinders in an effort to improve oxygen systems worldwide."--Publisher's description.

This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine delivers the most relevant and current information required by general veterinary practitioners and veterinary specialists in treating emergent and critical exotic patients. Covering the management of common emergency presentations in exotic companion mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, each section discusses triage and stabilization, diagnostics, nutrition and fluid therapy, analgesia, anesthesia, monitoring, CPR, and euthanasia. The book includes quick reference tables, species-specific drug formularies, and illustrations of exotic animal emergency procedures and techniques. The information contained within is based on an extensive review of the most current literature and the combined knowledge and expertise of international leaders in the field of exotic animal medicine and surgery. A one-stop resource like no other, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine makes it easy to find the information needed to effectively treat urgent and life-threatening conditions in pet exotic animals. The book covers a wide range of species, encompassing: Exotic companion mammals, including ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, hedgehogs, and sugar gliders Birds, including psittacines, passerines, doves and pigeons, as well as backyard poultry and waterfowl Reptiles, including turtles and tortoises, snakes and lizards Amphibians Equally useful for general practitioners, specialists in emergency and critical care and exotic animal medicine, veterinary students, and trainees, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an essential resource for the emergent and critical care of exotic animals.

Compartment syndrome is a complex physiologic process with significant potential harm, and though an important clinical problem, the basic science and research surrounding this entity remains poorly understood. This unique open access book fills the gap in the knowledge of compartment syndrome, re-evaluating the current state of the art on this condition. The current clinical diagnostic criteria are presented, as well as the multiple dilemmas facing the surgeon. Pathophysiology, ischemic thresholds and pressure management techniques and limitations are discussed in detail. The main surgical management strategy, fasciotomy, is then described for both the upper and lower extremities, along with wound care. Compartment syndrome due to patient positioning, in children and polytrauma patients, and unusual presentations are likewise covered. Novel diagnosis and prevention strategies, as well as common misconceptions and legal ramifications stemming from compartment syndrome, round out the presentation. Unique and timely, Compartment Syndrome: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management will be indispensable for orthopedic and trauma surgeons confronted with this common yet challenging medical condition.

Monitoring and Intervention for the Critically Ill Small Animal: The Rule of 20 offers guidance for assessing the patient, interpreting diagnostic test results, and selecting appropriate monitoring procedures. Based on Rebecca Kirby’s time-tested Rule of 20, with a chapter devoted to each item on the checklist Provides comprehensive guidance for monitoring a critically ill small animal patient Emphasizes the interplay of each parameter with one another Designed for fast access on the clinic floor, with potentially life-saving ideas, tips, lists and procedures Presents tables, schematics, algorithms, and drawings for quick reference