William Woody Turner was born 6 December 1905 in Fame, Mississippi. His parents were Albert Phelan Turner (1880-1953) and Sally Tharina Murrah (1884-1970). He married Mable Marina Walker (1915-2000), daughter of Thomas Tyre Walker (1874-1938) and Lucy Lee Little (1874-1948) in 1933. Ancestors, descendants and relatives lived mainly in Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, England and Scotland. Includes Blackford, McDonald, Wise and related families.

The Autry family of the Southern States and Texas, 1745-1963.

In the years immediately following the Civil War--the formative years for an emerging society of freed African Americans in Mississippi--there was much debate over the general purpose of black schools and who would control them. From Cotton Field to Schoolhouse is the first comprehensive examination of Mississippi's politics and policies of postwar racial education. The primary debate centered on whether schools for African Americans (mostly freedpeople) should seek to develop blacks as citizens, train them to be free but subordinate laborers, or produce some other outcome. African Americans envisioned schools established by and for themselves as a primary means of achieving independence, equality, political empowerment, and some degree of social and economic mobility--in essence, full citizenship. Most northerners assisting freedpeople regarded such expectations as unrealistic and expected African Americans to labor under contract for those who had previously enslaved them and their families. Meanwhile, many white Mississippians objected to any educational opportunities for the former slaves. Christopher Span finds that newly freed slaves made heroic efforts to participate in their own education, but too often the schooling was used to control and redirect the aspirations of the newly freed.

A monthly magazine of practical nursing, devoted to the improvement and development of the graduate nurse.