How does the past live in us? Do we inherit our ancestors' memories as we do their physical characteristics? In the nineteenth century, mainstream science embraced a long-standing superstition: the belief that memory could be inherited. Scientists reasoned that, just as bodies were reproduced from generation to generation, so were thoughts, memories, and cultural achievements. Heredity and identity were no mere family matter, but the basis of nations. The glories and sins of the past were not gone: they remained in the tissues of living people, who could be honored or blamed accordingly. Organic Memory surveys the literary and scientific history of an idea that will not go away. Focusing on the years between 1870 and 1918, Otis explores both the origins and the consequences of the idea that memories can be inherited. The organic memory theory contributed to the genocidal programs of the Third Reich, and it erupts in pop-psychology, racist propaganda, and ethnic cleansing. To track the spread, intensity, and endurance of this especially powerful idea, Otis singles out major authors whose work reinforced or ridiculed belief in organic memory. They include writers who were internationally influential yet who simultaneously represented their national traditions: Thomas Mann, Sigmund Freud, C. G. Jung, Emile Zola, Thomas Hardy, Miguel de Unamuno, P�o Baroja, Emilia Pardo Baz¾n, and even Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The debates over the human genome project and the explosions of ethnic violence in the former Yugoslavia, in Azerbaijan, Somalia, and elsewhere demonstrate how seriously organic memory continues to affect modern medicine and politics.

Brain damage can cause memory to break down in a number of different ways, the analysis of which can illuminate how the intact brain mediates memory processes. After first considering the problems involved in assessing memory, this book provisionally advances a taxonomy of elementary memory disorders and, for each in turn, reviews both the specific processes that are disrupted and the lesions responsible for the disruption. These disorders include short-term memory deficits, deficits in previously well-established memory, memory decifits caused by frontal lobe lesions, the organic amnesias, the disorders of conditioning and skill acquisition. Particular attention is paid to the organic amnesias, about which we know the most, and to the contributions of animal models to our knowledge. Andrew Mayes argues that the memory deficits found in several neurological and psychiatric syndromes comprise co-occurring elementary memory disorders. Finally, he outlines the implications of his taxonomy for our understanding of normal memory. A wide audience of researchers and students will find Human Organic Memory Disorders a helpful guide to a complex problem area.

From Aristotle to the present, memory has been grasped as a trace or impression of lost reality – bridging physiological experience and consciousness. Philosophers have vainly sought the nature of this bridge. The present-day physiologizing/naturalizing of consciousness is not resolving their congenital continuity, in which the very existence and practice of life is rooted. We have to change our approach (Erwin Straus). The Aristotelian congenital ties between memory and temporality, acquire crucial significance in our primogenital ontopoiesis of life (Tymieniecka). It reveals memory to be the factor that carries this coalescence and the becoming of life itself. This can be the fruit only of the generative springs of life, first phenomenology/philosophy, the ontopoietic logos of life. In this collection we explore memory in the constitution of reality: rememorizing and interpretation, consciousness/action, facts/imagination, history/myths, self-realization/metamorphosis.

With over 350 illustrations, this impressive volume traces the rich history of ideas about the functioning of the brain from its roots in the ancient cultures of Egypt, Greece, and Rome through the centuries into relatively modern times. In contrast to biographically oriented accounts, this book is unique in its emphasis on the functions of the brain and how they came to be associated with specific brain regions and systems. Among the topics explored are vision, hearing, pain, motor control, sleep, memory, speech, and various other facets of intellect. The emphasis throughout is on presenting material in a very readable way, while describing with scholarly acumen the historical evolution of the field in all its amazing wealth and detail. From the opening introductory chapters to the concluding look at treatments and therapies, this monumental work will captivate readers from cover to cover. It will be valued as both an historical reference and as an exciting tale of scientificdiscovery. It is bound to attract a wide readership among students and professionals in the neural sciences as well as general readers interested in the history of science and medicine.

Advanced memory technologies are impacting the information era, representing a vibrant research area of huge interest in the electronics industry. The demand for data storage, computing performance and energy efficiency is increasing exponentially and will exceed the capabilities of current information technologies. Alternatives to traditional silicon technology and novel memory principles are expected to meet the need of modern data-intensive applications such as “big data” and artificial intelligence (AI). Functional materials or methodologies may find a key role in building novel, high speed and low power consumption computing and data storage systems. This book covers functional materials and devices in the data storage areas, alongside electronic devices with new possibilities for future computing, from neuromorphic next generation AI to in-memory computing. Summarizing different memory materials and devices to emphasize the future applications, graduate students and researchers can systematically learn and understand the design, materials characteristics, device operation principles, specialized device applications and mechanisms of the latest reported memory materials and devices.

This book comprehensively describes organic electronic devices developed in the past decades. It not only covers the mainstream devices including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) but also includes devices of recent interest such as organic immune transistors, organic photocatalysis devices, and themoelectrical devices. The book starts from the introduction of basic theory of organic semiconductor materials and devices, which acquaints the readers with the concepts of each type of device described in the following chapters. It also discusses the working principles, device layout, and fabrication process of these devices. The book is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested in organic electronics, researchers/engineers working in the field of organic electronic devices/systems.

During the 1980s, functional organic devices were born. For nearly twenty years, organic semiconductor technology has largely been the domain of traditional players within the microelectronics world, involving semiconductor companies, research laboratories, and government organizations. The print industry, a well-established community who shaped much of the Second Millennium, has joined the organic electronics quest during these first few years of the Third Millennium. This seemingly unlikely marriage of two worlds, the microelectronics and graphic print industries, shows incredible promise to spawn an entirely new method of electronics manufacture and, ultimately, whole new industries. The enhancements of organic semiconductor materials seen during the late 1990s and early 2000s have resulted in the fabrication of organic electronics in laboratory environments with impressive performance. Since the early 2000s, scientists have succeeded in applying printing-related technologies to create organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with micron-sized features. This has led to a widespread vision of developing printed electronic products, especially displays, sensors, and simple wireless products (such as RFID tags). The development of high-volume manufacturing platforms based on traditional graphic arts printing platforms naturally addresses demands on product cost and throughput. Moreover, graphics art printing technologies allow one to fabricate organic circuits directly onto low-cost sheet or roll substrates, including plastics and paper. Printed Organic And Molecular Electronics was compiled to create a reference that included existing knowledge from the most renowned industry, academic, and government experts in the fields of organic semiconductor technology, graphic arts printing, micro-contact printing, and molecular electronics. It is divided into sections that consist of the most critical topics required for one to develop a strong understanding of the states of these technologies and the paths for taking them from R&D to the hands of consumers on a massive scale. As such, the book provides both theory as well as technology development results and trends.