Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI (A&B) is the sixth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the R&D of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition brings a fresh look to many essential topics, including devices, subsystems, systems and networks. A central theme is the enabling of high-bandwidth communications in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications. These volumes are an ideal reference for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and investors. Volume A is devoted to components and subsystems, including photonic integrated circuits, multicore and few-mode fibers, photonic crystals, silicon photonics, signal processing, and optical interconnections. Volume B is devoted to systems and networks, including advanced modulation formats, coherent detection, Tb/s channels, space-division multiplexing, reconfigurable networks, broadband access, undersea cable, satellite communications, and microwave photonics. All the latest technologies and techniques for developing future components and systems Edited by two winners of the highly prestigious OSA/IEEE John Tyndal award and a President of IEEE's Lasers & Electro-Optics Society (7,000 members) Written by leading experts in the field, it is the most authoritative and comprehensive reference on optical engineering on the market

Rapidly increasing network demand based on unpredictable services has driven research into methods to provide intelligent provisioning, efficient restoration and recovery from failures, and effective management schemes that reduce the amount of “hands-on” activity to plan and run the network. Integrating the service-oriented IP layer together with the efficient transport capabilities of the optical layer is a cornerstone of this research. Converged IP-optical networks are being demonstrated in large multi-carrier and multi-vendor venues. Research is continuing on making this convergence more efficient, flexible, and scalable. In this chapter, we review the current key technologies that contribute to the convergence of IP and optical networks, describing control and management plane technologies, techniques and standards in some detail. We also illustrate current research challenges, and discuss future directions for research.

New pulse-shaping techniques allow for optical multiplexing with highest spectral efficiencies. We introduce the general theory of orthogonal pulse-shaping and then discuss with more emphasis the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and Nyquist frequency division multiplexing schemes. Subsequently, we show that rectangularly shaped pulses as used for OFDM can mathematically be treated by the Fourier transform. This leads us to the theory of the time-discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and to a discussion of practical implementations of the DFT and its inverse in the optical domain. The chapter is concluded with exemplary implementations of OFDM transceivers that relay either on direct pulse-shaping or the DFT approaches.

This chapter provides a global network service provider’s view on the technology development and product commercialization of 100-Gb/s for optical transport networks. Optical channel capacity has been growing over the past four decades to address traffic demand growth and will continue this trend for the foreseeable future to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements. In this chapter, optical channels are re-classified into three basic design types. Commercial 100-Gb/s channel development experienced all three types of channel designs before eventually settling on the single carrier PM-QPSK format with coherent detection, which appears to be the optimal design in the industry. A series of 100-Gb/s channel related field trials were performed in service providers’ networks to validate the technical merits as well as business advantages of this new capacity standard before its deployment. Introduction of the 100-Gb/s channel brings new opportunities to boost fiber capacity, accommodate increases in client interface speed rates, lower transmission latency, simplify network management, and speed up the realization of next generation optical add/drop functions.

For many years, the prime drivers behind advances in telecommunications have been the need for increased capacity and reduced cost. But recently, concerns about the rising energy use of telecommunications networks have brought the issue of energy efficiency into the mix, both for equipment vendors and for network operators. In this chapter, we provide an overview of energy consumption in telecommunications networks. We identify the key contributors to energy consumption and identify trends in the growth of energy consumption. We compare the performance of state-of-the-art equipment with theoretical lower bounds on energy consumption and point to opportunities for improving the energy efficiency of core metro and access networks. We show that there is potential for significant improvements in energy efficiency.

In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of multimode communications using OAM. The fundamentals of OAM are introduced first followed by the techniques for OAM generation, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and detection. We then present recent research efforts to free-space communication links and fiber-based transmission links using OAM multiplexing together with optical signal processing using OAM (data exchange, add/drop, multicasting, monitoring, and compensation). Future challenges of OAM communications are discussed at the end.

The transmission of multi-band radio signals through optical fibers has drawn great attention recently for its potential in cellular backhaul networks, mobile cloud computing, and wireless local-area networks. As wireless services and technologies evolve to multi-gigabit radio access networks, their speed is increased but the wireless coverage of a single access point is inevitably reduced dramatically. As a result, the importance of >10GHz radio-over-fiber techniques has been emphasized for the capability of expanding wireless coverage feasibility, and in the meantime reducing system complexity and operation expenditure, especially in the high-speed millimeter-wave regime. In this chapter, we introduce the radio-over-fiber technique and its challenge of handling optical millimeter-wave generation, transmission, and converged multi-band system. By exploring real-world, system implementation and characterization, the unique features and versatile applications of radio-over-fiber technologies are investigated and reviewed to reach next-generation converged optical and wireless access networks.