Indoor residual spraying (IRS) involves applying residual insecticide to potential vector resting sites on the interior surfaces of human dwellings or other buildings. The main aim of IRS is to kill vectors before they are able to transmit pathogens to humans. When carried out correctly, IRS has historically been shown to be a powerful intervention to reduce adult vector density and longevity for mosquitoes, sand flies and triatomine bugs and can reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases. This operational manual is designed to provide guidance on the establishment, management, implementation, reporting and evaluation of safe and effective IRS campaigns within the context of a locally adapted and sustainable vector control programme, in line with the Global vector control response 2017–2030. It provides information according to current WHO recommendations and standards on IRS and recognizes that IRS can potentially target multiple diseases in areas where endophilic vectors coexist. The key audience for this document is vector-borne disease control programme managers and staff, as well as implementing or private-sector partners at the national, provincial/state or local levels, who are responsible for the design, planning or implementation of vector control operations.

The course module provides the students with the knowledge and skills for developing and implementing effective strategies to control disease vectors and domestic pests (e.g. integrated vector management), with emphasis on improved management of public health pesticides throughout their life cycle. Alternative methods and strategies for pest and vector control, their cost-effectiveness and their sustainability are discussed. Students will also examine the WHO strategies, policies and guidelines for using pesticides in public health. This course was first developed in 2012 by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the University of Cape Town (South Africa) and was revised in 2015. The current version incorporates major revisions and updates of the course material.

This toolkit for integrated vector management (IVM) is designed to help national and regional programme managers coordinate across sectors to design and run large IVM programmes. It is an extension of earlier guidance and teaching material published by the World Health Organization (WHO): Handbook for integrated vector management Monitoring and evaluation indicators for integrated vector management Guidance on policy-making for integrated vector management and Core structure for training curricula on integrated vector management. The toolkit provides the technical detail required to plan implement monitor and evaluate an IVM approach. IVM can be used when the aim is to control or eliminate vector-borne diseases and can also contribute to insecticide resistance management. This toolkit provides information on where vector-borne diseases are endemic and what interventions should be used presenting case studies on IVM as well as relevant guidance documents for reference. The diseases that are the focus of this toolkit are malaria lymphatic filariasis dengue leishmaniasis onchocerciasis human African trypanosomiasis and schistosomiasis. It also includes information on other viral diseases (Rift Valley fever West Nile fever Chikungunya yellow fever) and trachoma. If other vector-borne diseases appear in a country or area vector control with an IVM approach should be adopted as per national priorities. Malaria as one of the most important vector-borne diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is the main focus of this document. Programmes targeting other vector-borne diseases can learn from the experiences gained from malaria vector control and presented here.

This document is the second in a series of global reports describing progress towards the 2030 targets set in Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030. It describes a wide range of activities, accomplishments and challenges across the portfolio of NTDs and across all six WHO regions. The report presents epidemiological and programmatic data for 2022, which were gathered, compiled and analysed in 2023. In some cases, 2023 data are available and presented; in other cases, less recent information is included, when 2022 data are not available. In addition, it presents the main facts or events that occurred in 2023. In line with the road map’s companion document Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a framework for monitoring and evaluating progress of the road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021−2030, the report includes quantitative information on the status of the overarching, cross-cutting and disease-specific indicators. This is followed by qualitative information on each of the three road map pillars and on regional and country progress. The conclusions of the report and way forward are further complemented by annexes on cross-cutting indicator 6, status of donated medicines for treatment of NTDs, articles on NTDs published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record, target product profiles published as of 31 December 2023 and the list of global NTD reports published by WHO so far.

This book presents a thorough and systematic approach of microbiology in a very clear,concise, simplified and easily understandable manner. The text is amply illustrated by largenumber of figures, flowcharts, tables and boxes. This will help not only in understanding theconcepts to clear the professional exams but will also teach the importance and application ofmicrobiology in clinical practice.• Focus on clinical and laboratory aspects of infectious diseases covering bacterial, tubercular,viral, parasitic and fungal infections.• Organization of the text into sections helps to recollect the facts easily.• Chapter outline in the beginning of each chapter helps to facilitate self-learning by thestudents.• Syndromic approach to common syndromes highlights the important causes and laboratorydiagnostic approach.• Flowcharts and line diagrams represent the diagnostic procedures and life cycles.• Questions given at the end of chapters for self-assessment of topics.• Multiple choice questions section-by-section at the end of the book for self-assessment ofthe topics studied.Online Resources at www.medenact.com• Complimentary access to full e-book.• Procedural animations.

This field manual is intended to help health professionals and public health coordinators working in emergency situations prevent, detect and control the major communicable diseases encountered by affected populations. The manual is the result of collaboration among a number of WHO departments and several external partner agencies in reviewing existing guidelines on communicable disease control and adapting them to emergency situations. The manual deals with the fundamental principles of communicable disease control in emergencies, which are: Rapid assessment to identify the communicable disease threats faced by the emergency-affected population, including those with epidemic potential, and define the health status of the population by conducting a rapid assessment; Prevention to prevent communicable disease by maintaining a healthy physical environment and good general living conditions; Surveillance to set up or strengthen disease surveillance system with an early warning mechanism to ensure the early reporting of cases to monitor disease trends, and to facilitate prompt detection and response to outbreaks; outbreak control to ensure outbreaks are rapidly detected and controlled through adequate preparedness (i.e. stockpiles, standard treatment protocols and staff training) and rapid response (i.e.confirmation, investigation and implementation of control measures); and disease management to diagnose and treat cases promptly with trained staff using effective treatment and standard protocols at all health facilities.