Ever since it was first written into the new nation’s Constitution in 1950, achieving universal elementary education has proved an elusive goal for India. Caroline Dyer’s book looks at the failure of the Operation Blackboard scheme to establish a minimum norm of essential facilities for primary schools but argues that, in spite of its failure, the scheme has been rich in important policy lessons. She considers two in particular. First, that the prevailing view of implementation is deeply flawed – the evidence shows it is not something straightforward, following on automatically from the policy blueprint. The second is that teachers are central to meaningful educational change and must understand the hows and whys of changes if they are to implement them. The lessons she draws are of service to policy-makers and administrators in all educational contexts.

The National Policy on Education (1986) initiated a scheme called Operation Blackboard Scheme , which was launched in 1987. It was formulated with an assumption that the improvement in school environment would increase the enrolment rate, retention rate and attainment levels of primary school children. The three interdependent components in the scheme were Provision of at least two reasonably large rooms that are usable in all weathers, with a deep veranda along with toilet facilities for boys and girls separately; Provision of at lest two teachers, as far as possible, one of them a woman, in every primary school; and Provision of essential teaching learning materials. The scheme prescribed the above-mentioned minimum level of facilities to all primary schools with a view to ensure improvement in school environment. The scheme has realized its goals to some extent and these results will be of use to a great extent in realization of the objectives of District Primary Education Programme and Sarva shiksha Abhiyan. Contents: Conceptual Frame Work, Review of Related Literature, Methods and Procedures, Analysis and Interpretation of Data, Case Study, Summary and Conclusions.

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The national policy on education - 1986 has recommended the launching of a symbolically named operation blackboard as a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at bringing about substantial improvement in the facilities of primary schools throughout the country.

With reference to India.

Mechatronics for Safety, Security and Dependability in a New Era contains selected leading papers from the International Conference on Machine Automation 2004, the work of researchers from USA, Japan, China and Europe. The topics covered include: manufacturing systems such as CAD/CAM, machining and, human factors in manufacturing; robotics in relation to sensors and actuators, new control technology and, measuring and monitoring; the application of new technologies in connection with wireless communication, human behavior analysis and welfare. Mechatronics has been rapidly developing as an important area that affects all areas of society from industrial robots, automobiles, electrical appliances, computers and consumer goods etc. It also plays a role in safety recovery, such as for rescue tasks after disasters, destruction of hazardous and abandoned weapons and the restoration of polluted environments. The increasing need for safe, secure and dependable technology means that the advancement of mechatronics plays an essential role in the development of products and systems. This book provides an insight into developments in essential new methodologies and tools to design and to build machines to achieve this. - Covers key topics in manufacturing, such as machining, robotics, sensors, monitoring, etc. - Reviews modern applications of new technologies in connection with wireless communication, human behavior analysis, and welfare