This book is devoted to the emerging field of techniques for visualizing atomic-scale properties of active catalysts under actual working conditions, i.e. high gas pressures and high temperatures. It explains how to understand these observations in terms of the surface structures and dynamics and their detailed interplay with the gas phase. This provides an important new link between fundamental surface physics and chemistry, and applied catalysis. The book explains the motivation and the necessity of operando studies, and positions these with respect to the more traditional low-pressure investigations on the one hand and the reality of industrial catalysis on the other. The last decade has witnessed a rapid development of new experimental and theoretical tools for operando studies of heterogeneous catalysis. The book has a strong emphasis on the new techniques and illustrates how the challenges introduced by the harsh, operando conditions are faced for each of these new tools. Therefore, one can also read this book as a collection of recipes for the development of operando instruments. At present, the number of scientific results obtained under operando conditions is still limited and mostly focused on a simple test reaction, the catalytic oxidation of CO. This reaction thus forms a natural binding element between the chapters, linking the demonstrations of new techniques, and also connecting the theoretical and experimental studies. Some first results on other reactions are also presented. If there is one thing that can be concluded already in this early stage, it is that the catalytic conditions themselves can have dramatic effects on the structure and composition of the surfaces of catalysts, which, in turn can greatly affect the mechanisms, the activity, and the selectivity of the chemical reactions that they catalyze.

Presents state-of-the-art knowledge of heterogeneous catalysts including new applications in energy and environmental fields This book focuses on emerging techniques in heterogeneous catalysis, from new methodology for catalysts design and synthesis, surface studies and operando spectroscopies, ab initio techniques, to critical catalytic systems as relevant to energy and the environment. It provides the vision of addressing the foreseeable knowledge gap unfilled by classical knowledge in the field. Heterogeneous Catalysts: Advanced Design, Characterization and Applications begins with an overview on the evolution in catalysts synthesis and introduces readers to facets engineering on catalysts; electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured catalytic thin films; and bandgap engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts. Next, it examines how we are gaining a more precise understanding of catalytic events and materials under working conditions. It covers bridging pressure gap in surface catalytic studies; tomography in catalysts design; and resolving catalyst performance at nanoscale via fluorescence microscopy. Quantum approaches to predicting molecular reactions on catalytic surfaces follows that, along with chapters on Density Functional Theory in heterogeneous catalysis; first principles simulation of electrified interfaces in electrochemistry; and high-throughput computational design of novel catalytic materials. The book also discusses embracing the energy and environmental challenges of the 21st century through heterogeneous catalysis and much more. Presents recent developments in heterogeneous catalysis with emphasis on new fundamentals and emerging techniques Offers a comprehensive look at the important aspects of heterogeneous catalysis Provides an applications-oriented, bottoms-up approach to a high-interest subject that plays a vital role in industry and is widely applied in areas related to energy and environment Heterogeneous Catalysts: Advanced Design, Characterization and Applications is an important book for catalytic chemists, materials scientists, surface chemists, physical chemists, inorganic chemists, chemical engineers, and other professionals working in the chemical industry.

Helps researchers develop new catalysts for sustainable fueland chemical production Reviewing the latest developments in the field, this bookexplores the in-situ characterization of heterogeneous catalysts,enabling readers to take full advantage of the sophisticatedtechniques used to study heterogeneous catalysts and reactionmechanisms. In using these techniques, readers can learn to improvethe selectivity and the performance of catalysts and how to preparecatalysts as efficiently as possible, with minimum waste. In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts featurescontributions from leading experts in the field of catalysis. Itbegins with an introduction to the fundamentals and thencovers: Characterization of electronic and structural properties ofcatalysts using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Techniques for structural characterization based on X-raydiffraction, neutron scattering, and pair distribution functionanalysis Microscopy and morphological studies Techniques for studying the interaction of adsorbates withcatalyst surfaces, including infrared spectroscopy, Ramanspectroscopy, EPR, and moderate pressure XPS Integration of techniques that provide information on thestructural properties of catalysts with techniques that facilitatethe study of surface reactions Throughout the book, detailed examples illustrate how techniquesfor studying catalysts and reaction mechanisms can be applied tosolve a broad range of problems in heterogeneous catalysis.Detailed figures help readers better understand how and why thetechniques discussed in the book work. At the end of each chapter,an extensive set of references leads to the primary literature inthe field. By explaining step by step modern techniques for the in-situcharacterization of heterogeneous catalysts, this book enableschemical scientists and engineers to better understand catalystbehavior and design new catalysts for green, sustainable fuel andchemical production.

Catalysis is one of the most important technologies in the industrial world, controlling more than 90% of industrial chemical processes and essential for large-scale production of plastics and fuel. Exploring the most common type of catalysis used in industry, Electron Microscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis provides a coherent account of heterogeneo

Spatially Resolved Operando Measurements in Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactors, Volume 50, presents the latest on these essential components in the continuing search for better utilization of raw materials and energy that reduces impact on the environment. This latest release includes valuable chapters that present tactics on Understanding the performance of automotive catalysts via spatial resolution of reactions inside honeycomb monoliths, Operando spectroscopy in catalytic reactors, Spatio-temporal phenomena in monolithic reactors measured by combined spatially-resolved mass spectrometry and optical frequency domain reflectrometry, and In-situ spatially resolved techniques for the investigation of packed bed catalytic reactors: Current status and future outlook. This series presents the latest reviews of the state-of-the-art of in heterogeneous catalytic reactors and processes. - Contains reviews by leading authorities in their respective areas - Presents up-to-date reviews of the latest techniques in the modeling of catalytic processes - Includes a broad mix of US and European authors, as well as academic, industrial and research institute perspectives - Provides discussions on the connections between computation and experimental methods

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