Debates over redistribution, social insurance, and market regulation are central to American politics. Why do some citizens prefer a large role for government in the economic life of the nation while others wish to limit its reach? In Open versus Closed, the authors argue that these preferences are not always what they seem. They show how deep-seated personality traits underpinning the culture wars over race, immigration, law and order, sexuality, gender roles, and religion shape how citizens think about economics, binding cultural and economic inclinations together in unexpected ways. Integrating insights from both psychology and political science - and twenty years of observational and experimental data - the authors reveal the deeper motivations driving attitudes toward government. They find that for politically active citizens these attitudes are not driven by self-interest, but by a desire to express the traits and cultural commitments that define their identities.

Philipp Herzog develops a theoretical framework arguing that Open Innovation and Closed Innovation cultures need to be distinguished. The findings help firms cope with the challenges experienced in implementing the Open Innovation concept.

Dive into the electrifying world of circuits with 'Open vs. Closed Circuits | Functions of Series and Parallel Circuits, and Electric Symbols.' This essential guide for grades 6-8 uncovers the dynamics of how electric circuits power our lives, from the basics of open and closed circuits to the intricacies of series and parallel circuits. Complete with a breakdown of electric symbols, this book is a vital resource for young scientists, educators, homeschooling parents, and librarians, illuminating the path toward mastering the fundamentals of electrical science. Perfect for integrating into the US STEM curriculum, it invites readers to explore the power that flows through our world. Discover the electric universe within the pages!

In this paper we introduce the concept of neutrosophic rw-continuity, neutrosophic rw-open maps and closed maps in neutrosophic topological spaces and some of their properties are discussed.

Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers and other professional engineers interested in environmental impacts of pumped storage hydroelectric power projects. Here is what is discussed: 1. BACKGROUND, 2. PSH IN THE UNITED STATES, 3. APPROACH, 4. SUMMARY OF IMPACTS, 5. RECOMMENDATIONS, 6. REFERENCES.

This book compares the experiences of the Philippines and Vietnam to gain insight into how openness to trade and financing can increase prosperity. In contrast, theoretical and empirical work in the 20th and early 21st centuries have returned mixed results regarding this assertion. The book also demonstrates the impracticality of any attempt to pursue prosperity in isolation. Chapter 1 discusses recent data and research on international trade and capital mobility. Chapter 2 describes the economy of Vietnam that has grown rapidly since beginning to open in 1994. Chapter 3 relates the stagnation of the Philippines as it remained closed from 1960 to 1994 and examines the recent rapid growth in spite of the continued relative restrictiveness of Philippine policy. Chapter 4 compares the two experiences and then conjectures about the feasibility of a prosperous autarky.