This book offers an inspiring and naïve view on language and reasoning. It presents a new approach to ordinary reasoning that follows the author’s former work on fuzzy logic. Starting from a pragmatic scientific view on meaning as a quantity, and the common sense reasoning from a primitive notion of inference, which is shared by both laypeople and experts, the book shows how this can evolve, through the addition of more and more suppositions, into various formal and specialized modes of precise, imprecise, and approximate reasoning. The logos are intended here as a synonym for rationality, which is usually shown by the processes of questioning, guessing, telling, and computing. Written in a discursive style and without too many technicalities, the book presents a number of reflections on the study of reasoning, together with a new perspective on fuzzy logic and Zadeh’s “computing with words” grounded in both language and reasoning. It also highlights some mathematical developments supporting this view. Lastly, it addresses a series of questions aimed at fostering new discussions and future research into this topic. All in all, this book represents an inspiring read for professors and researchers in computer science, and fuzzy logic in particular, as well as for psychologists, linguists and philosophers.

This book illustrates various aspects and dimensions of cognitive cities. Following a comprehensive introduction, the first part of the book explores conceptual considerations for the design of cognitive cities, while the second part focuses on concrete applications. The contributions provide an overview of the wide diversity of cognitive city conceptualizations and help readers to better understand why it is important to think about the design of our cities. The book adopts a transdisciplinary approach since the cognitive city concept can only be achieved through cooperation across different academic disciplines (e.g., economics, computer science, mathematics) and between research and practice. More and more people live in a growing number of ever-larger cities. As such, it is important to reflect on how cities need to be designed to provide their inhabitants with the means and resources for a good life. The cognitive city is an emerging, innovative approach to address this need.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, EUSFLAT 2023, and 12th International Summer School on Aggregation Operators, AGOP 2023, jointly held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, during September 4–8, 2023. The 71 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. The papers are divided into special sessions on: Interval uncertainty; information fusion techniques based on aggregation functions, preaggregation functions and their generalizations; evaluative linguistic expressions, generalized quantifiers and applications; neural networks under uncertainty and imperfect information; imprecision modeling and management in XAI systems; recent trends in mathematical fuzzy logics; fuzzy graph-based models: theory and application; new frontiers of computational intelligence for pervasive healthcare systems; fuzzy implication functions; and new challenges and ideas in statistical inference and data analysis.

This book is a collection of several contributions which show the state of the art in specific areas of Computational Intelligence. This carefully edited book honors the 65th birthday of Rudolf Kruse. The main focus of these contributions lies on treating vague data as well as uncertain and imprecise information with automated procedures, which use techniques from statistics, control theory, clustering, neural networks etc. to extract useful and employable knowledge.

This book furthers the historical and technical debate by looking at reasoning as the action of language when it is devoted to explaining or foretelling, based on the authors’ centennial combined experience in fuzzy logic. A simple logical model mixing abductions and deductions is introduced in order to attain speculations, conjectures that may be responsible for induction, and creativity in reasoning. A central point and a dire hypothesis of the book are that such process can be implemented by computation and as such can lead to a new approach to automatic thinking and reasoning. On top of the technical approach, the relationship between reasoning and thinking is also analyzed trying to establish links with notions and concepts of thinkers from the European Middle Age to the current days. This book is recommended to young researchers that are interested in either the scientific or philosophical aspects of computational thinking, and can further the debate between the two approaches.

This book is a tribute to Professor Pedro Gil, who created the Department of Statistics, OR and TM at the University of Oviedo, and a former President of the Spanish Society of Statistics and OR (SEIO). In more than eighty original contributions, it illustrates the extent to which Mathematics can help manage uncertainty, a factor that is inherent to real life. Today it goes without saying that, in order to model experiments and systems and to analyze related outcomes and data, it is necessary to consider formal ideas and develop scientific approaches and techniques for dealing with uncertainty. Mathematics is crucial in this endeavor, as this book demonstrates. As Professor Pedro Gil highlighted twenty years ago, there are several well-known mathematical branches for this purpose, including Mathematics of chance (Probability and Statistics), Mathematics of communication (Information Theory), and Mathematics of imprecision (Fuzzy Sets Theory and others). These branches often intertwine, since different sources of uncertainty can coexist, and they are not exhaustive. While most of the papers presented here address the three aforementioned fields, some hail from other Mathematical disciplines such as Operations Research; others, in turn, put the spotlight on real-world studies and applications. The intended audience of this book is mainly statisticians, mathematicians and computer scientists, but practitioners in these areas will certainly also find the book a very interesting read.