On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems

On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems
Title On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems PDF eBook
Author Kurt Gödel
Publisher Courier Corporation
Pages 82
Release 2012-05-24
Genre Mathematics
ISBN 0486158403

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First English translation of revolutionary paper (1931) that established that even in elementary parts of arithmetic, there are propositions which cannot be proved or disproved within the system. Introduction by R. B. Braithwaite.

On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems

On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems
Title On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems PDF eBook
Author Kurt Gödel
Publisher Courier Corporation
Pages 84
Release 1992-01-01
Genre Mathematics
ISBN 9780486669809

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In 1931, a young Austrian mathematician published an epoch-making paper containing one of the most revolutionary ideas in logic since Aristotle. Kurt Giidel maintained, and offered detailed proof, that in any arithmetic system, even in elementary parts of arithmetic, there are propositions which cannot be proved or disproved within the system. It is thus uncertain that the basic axioms of arithmetic will not give rise to contradictions. The repercussions of this discovery are still being felt and debated in 20th-century mathematics. The present volume reprints the first English translation of Giidel's far-reaching work. Not only does it make the argument more intelligible, but the introduction contributed by Professor R. B. Braithwaite (Cambridge University}, an excellent work of scholarship in its own right, illuminates it by paraphrasing the major part of the argument. This Dover edition thus makes widely available a superb edition of a classic work of original thought, one that will be of profound interest to mathematicians, logicians and anyone interested in the history of attempts to establish axioms that would provide a rigorous basis for all mathematics. Translated by B. Meltzer, University of Edinburgh. Preface. Introduction by R. B. Braithwaite.

Gödel's Proof

Gödel's Proof
Title Gödel's Proof PDF eBook
Author Ernest Nagel
Publisher Psychology Press
Pages 118
Release 1989
Genre Gödel's theorem
ISBN 041504040X

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In 1931 the mathematical logician Kurt Godel published a revolutionary paper that challenged certain basic assumptions underpinning mathematics and logic. A colleague of Albert Einstein, his theorem proved that mathematics was partly based on propositions not provable within the mathematical system and had radical implications that have echoed throughout many fields. A gripping combination of science and accessibility, Godel’s Proofby Nagel and Newman is for both mathematicians and the idly curious, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy the chance to satisfy their intellectual curiosity.

An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems

An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems
Title An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems PDF eBook
Author Peter Smith
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Pages 376
Release 2007-07-26
Genre Mathematics
ISBN 1139465937

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In 1931, the young Kurt Gödel published his First Incompleteness Theorem, which tells us that, for any sufficiently rich theory of arithmetic, there are some arithmetical truths the theory cannot prove. This remarkable result is among the most intriguing (and most misunderstood) in logic. Gödel also outlined an equally significant Second Incompleteness Theorem. How are these Theorems established, and why do they matter? Peter Smith answers these questions by presenting an unusual variety of proofs for the First Theorem, showing how to prove the Second Theorem, and exploring a family of related results (including some not easily available elsewhere). The formal explanations are interwoven with discussions of the wider significance of the two Theorems. This book will be accessible to philosophy students with a limited formal background. It is equally suitable for mathematics students taking a first course in mathematical logic.

Kurt Gödel

Kurt Gödel
Title Kurt Gödel PDF eBook
Author Francisco Rodriguez-Consuegra
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 246
Release 1995-12-01
Genre Mathematics
ISBN 9783764353100

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Kurt Gödel, together with Bertrand Russell, is the most important name in logic, and in the foundations and philosophy of mathematics of this century. However, unlike Russel, Gödel the mathematician published very little apart from his well-known writings in logic, metamathematics and set theory. Fortunately, Gödel the philosopher, who devoted more years of his life to philosophy than to technical investigation, wrote hundreds of pages on the philosophy of mathematics, as well as on other fields of philosophy. It was only possible to learn more about his philosophical works after the opening of his literary estate at Princeton a decade ago. The goal of this book is to make available to the scholarly public solid reconstructions and editions of two of the most important essays which Gödel wrote on the philosophy of mathematics. The book is divided into two parts. The first provides the reader with an incisive historico-philosophical introduction to Gödel's technical results and philosophical ideas. Written by the Editor, this introductory apparatus is not only devoted to the manuscripts themselves but also to the philosophical context in which they were written. The second contains two of Gödel's most important and fascinating unpublished essays: 1) the Gibbs Lecture ("Some basic theorems on the foundations of mathematics and their philosophical implications", 1951); and 2) two of the six versions of the essay which Gödel wrote for the Carnap volume of the Schilpp series The Library of Living Philosophers ("Is mathematics syntax of language?", 1953-1959).

Undecidable Theories

Undecidable Theories
Title Undecidable Theories PDF eBook
Author Alfred Tarski
Publisher Dover Books on Mathematics
Pages 0
Release 2010
Genre Mathematics
ISBN 9780486477039

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This well-known book by the famed logician consists of three treatises: A General Method in Proofs of Undecidability, Undecidability and Essential Undecidability in Mathematics, and Undecidability of the Elementary Theory of Groups. 1953 edition.

Hilbert's Programs and Beyond

Hilbert's Programs and Beyond
Title Hilbert's Programs and Beyond PDF eBook
Author Wilfried Sieg
Publisher Oxford University Press
Pages 452
Release 2013-03-07
Genre Computers
ISBN 0195372220

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David Hilbert was one of the great mathematicians who expounded the centrality of their subject in human thought. In this collection of essays, Wilfried Sieg frames Hilbert's foundational work, from 1890 to 1939, in a comprehensive way and integrates it with modern proof theoretic investigations.