In the European Middle Ages, the harm a person’s gaze could cause was greatly feared. A stare was considered an act of aggression; intense gazing was believed to exert immense power over the individual observed. The love of looking, or scopophilia, is a common motif among female figures in medieval art and literature where it is usually expressed as a motherly or sexually interested gaze--one sanctioned, the other forbidden. Sandra Summers investigates these two major variants of female voyeurism in exemplary didactic and courtly literature by medieval German authors. Setting the motif against the period’s dominant patriarchal ethos and its almost exclusive pattern of male authorship, Summers argues that the maternal gaze was endorsed as a stabilizing influence while the erotic gaze was condemned as a threat to medieval order. Summers examines whether medieval artists and writers invented the idea of “ogling,” or whether they were simply recording a behavioral practice common at the time. She investigates how the act of ogling altered the narrative trajectory of female characters, and she also considers how it may have affected the regulation and restriction of women during Europe’s Middle Ages. Drawing upon contemporary gender studies, women’s studies, film studies, and psychology, Summers argues that the female gaze ultimately governs social formation. The exploration of the female gaze in period literature transcends medieval scholarship and impacts our understanding of the broader problem of gender perceptions and social structuring in Western civilization.

It's bingo night at the retirement center! It sounds tame enough to Mallory, except the residents of this particular community include a grandmotherly hacker, a retired witch, and, once upon a time, Mallory's Great-Auntie Lula. Visiting her dead relative's former abode brings back memories for Mallory, but it also rather unexpectedly brings back Great-Auntie Lula. With her ghostly great-aunt's help, can Mallory and her crew discover who's burgled Bradley's condo, and why everyone involved with the break-in keeps dying?

For more than two hundred years, New Haven, Connecticut, has had a particular proclivity for marking the passage of time. Residents of the Elm City celebrate their heritage in historic fashion, and they have carefully preserved fascinating relics from their city's past in local museums. Examine the first commemorative medal made for New Haven's 200th anniversary in 1838, which set the standard for Elm City celebrations. Other artifacts in the city's collections include a needlework picture mourning the death of George Washington, Noah Webster's dictionary notes for the letters "A" and "B" and the buckskin coat worn by explorer Henry Eld. Author Laura A. Macaluso chronicles the history of New Haven celebrations and prized artifacts in order to piece together the city's unique identity.

This book is the first to look at Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's achievement as a vital figure in the women's literary tradition. Robert Halsband's book on her life, the sixth this century and published in 1956, was the first to apply scholarly techniques to establishing the facts. The inaccurateaccounts given before Halsband testify to Lady Mary's compelling interest as a woman who wrote, travelled, campaigned publicly for medical advance, gossiped, and was involved in high-profile literary quarrels. Knowledge of her life has made considerable gains since Halsband, as understanding of theissues involved in trying to move between the roles of proper lady and woman writer has increased enormously. This life fruitfully exploits the tension between literary history and feminist reading. Isobel Grundy highlights Montagu's adolescent longing for literary fame, her growing understandingof the implications of this for gender and class imperatives, the frustrations and concessions involved in her collaborations with male writers, the punitive responses of society, the gaps at every stage of her life between her ascertainable circumstances and her construction of herself in lettersand other writings. The book situates those writings in relation to her own theorizing and her very wide reading in women's texts as well as men's. Finally, it looks at a range of contemporary and near-contemporary responses.