The Test Guideline (TG) describes the use of liver S9 sub-cellular fraction (RT-S9) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a metabolising system to determine the clearance (CL, IN VITRO, INT ) of a test chemical using a substrate depletion approach. Introduction of the test chemical to the ...

The Test Guideline (TG) describes the use of cryopreserved rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes (RT-HEP) as a metabolising system to determine the clearance (CL, IN VITRO, INT) of a test chemical using a substrate depletion approach. Introduction of the test chemical to the RT-HEP ...

This up-to-date, comprehensive toxicology handbook is devoted to the effects of environmental pollution on fish. Fish species represent nearly half of all vertebrates and have become important sentinels for environmental contamination and model organisms for understanding adverse outcomes from exposures. This new edition is written by recognized experts, and it highlights the significant research progress in fish toxicology that has resulted from rapid technological developments in analytical, biochemical, and genomic sciences. The book: Discusses fundamental topics such as toxicokinetics in fishes, processes governing biotransformation within these organisms, and reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Explains key target organ systems for chemical impacts in fish, such as the nervous and immune systems, and how fishes can develop resistance to chemical toxicity. Covers multi-transgenerational effects on fishes, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics, and adverse outcome pathways. Replacing the case studies in the first edition, this update delves into the impacts of microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and oil spills in dedicated final chapters. With nearly 200 illustrations and tables, this comprehensive reference work presents concepts in a way that is useful for both novices to and experts in the field of fish toxicology.

The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems, application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity at different trophic levels.

Understand the fundamentals of human risk assessment with this introduction and reference Human risk assessments are a precondition for virtually all industrial action or environmental regulation, all the more essential in a world where chemical and environmental hazards are becoming more abundant. These documents catalog potential environmental, toxicological, ecological, or other harms resulting from a particular hazard, from chemical spills to construction projects to dangerous workplaces. They turn on a number of variables, of which the most significant is the degree of human exposure to the hazardous agent or process. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment combines the virtues of a textbook and reference work to introduce and analyze these vital documents. Beginning with the foundational theory of human health risk assessment, it then supplies case studies and detailed analysis illustrating the practice of producing risk assessment documents. Fully updated and authored by leading authorities in the field, the result is an indispensable work. Readers of the second edition of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment will also find: Over 40 entirely new case studies reflecting the latest in risk assessment practice Detailed discussion of hazards including air emissions, contaminated food and soil, hazardous waste sites, and many more Case studies from multiple countries to reflect diverse international standards Human and Ecological Risk Assessment is ideal for professionals and advanced graduate students in toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, environmental science, and all related subjects.

The method described in this Test Guideline is based on soil column chromatography in disturbed soil. Two types of experiments are performed to determine (i) the leaching potential of the test substance, and (ii) the leaching potential of ...

Aquaculture is rapidly becoming a major source of fish protein used to meet the nutritional needs of humans. As the aquaculture industry grows, exposure of farmed fish to environmental contaminants, and the need for chemical therapeutic agents for fish, will increase. This book is designed to bring together authorities worldwide on the regulation of environmental contaminants and food chemicals and researchers investigating the metabolism and disposition of foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) in fish species.