Excerpt from Observations on the Formation, State and Condition of Turnpike Roads and Other Highways, With Suggestions for Their Permanent Improvement on Scientific Principles by Means of the Natural Materials of Which They Are Composed: To Which Is Added, a Practical System (on the Like Principles) For the Construction of Sound Substantial Roads and Under-Drains by Means of Patent Substitute for Hard Road Materials, Where Such Substances Are Not Practically Obtainable Notwithstanding the beneficial assistance which chemistry has recently afforded to my branches of our mannfactures yet are there still my other. I which its aid is either inindioionsly rejected, from I! Apprehension of expense, or its introduction considered an unnecessary round-a-bout way of producing the desired sheet. The extremely nice, nay delicate pro cesses of making butter and cheese, may he adduced as instances; these Operations are conducted with little variation, for aught known to-thp the same unscientific manner with which they were probably pursued at the commencement of the christian era after which 1780years had expired, before the thermome ter was found to be essentially useful in the brewing of malt-liquors; previously to which time, the conductors of Breweries were deemed to be the most skilful, who, like the Dairy maids of the presmt day, had the but guess. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Originally published in 1963, this volume is devoted to an analysis of the organisation of the Commissioners of Sewers, the Incorporated Guardians of the Poor, the Turnpike Trusts and the Improvement Commissioners, and depicts the important development of these bodies during the eighteenth century. By examining the constitutional features of these statutory authorities Mr. & Mrs. Webb support their main contention that here are to be found the beginnings of most of the Local Government services of the present day. But to most readers the chief interest of this volume will lie in the last two chapters, which analyse the whole development of English Local Government from the Revolution to the Municipal Corporations Act. This description of how the 'Old Principles' between 1689 and 1835 were gradually superseded by the 'New Principles' affords a convenient summary of the first four volumes.