A rich heritage that needs to be documented Beginning in 1869, when the study of homosexuality can be said to have begun with the establishment of sexology, this encyclopedia offers accounts of the most important international developments in an area that now occupies a critical place in many fields of academic endeavors. It covers a long history and a dynamic and ever changing present, while opening up the academic profession to new scholarship and new ways of thinking. A groundbreaking new approach While gays and lesbians have shared many aspects of life, their histories and cultures developed in profoundly different ways. To reflect this crucial fact, the encyclopedia has been prepared in two separate volumes assuring that both histories receive full, unbiased attention and that a broad range of human experience is covered. Written for and by a wide range of people Intended as a reference for students and scholars in all fields, as well as for the general public, the encyclopedia is written in user-friendly language. At the same time it maintains a high level of scholarship that incorporates both passion and objectivity. It is written by some of the most famous names in the field, as well as new scholars, whose research continues to advance gender studies into the future.

First Published in 2000. A rich heritage that needs to be documented Beginning in 1869, when the study of homosexuality can be said to have begun with the establishment of sexology, this encyclopedia offers accounts of the most important international developments in an area that now occupies a critical place in many fields of academic endeavors. It covers a long history and a dynamic and ever changing present, while opening up the academic profession to new scholarship and new ways of thinking. A groundbreaking new approach While gays and lesbians have shared many aspects of life, their histories and cultures developed in profoundly different ways. To reflect this crucial fact, the encyclopedia has been prepared in two separate volumes assuring that both histories receive full, unbiased attention and that a broad range of human experience is covered. Written for and by a wide range of people Intended as a reference for students and scholars in all fields, as well as for the general public, the encyclopedia is written in user-friendly language. At the same time it maintains a high level of scholarship that incorporates both passion and objectivity. It is written by some of the most famous names in the field, as well as new scholars, whose research continues to advance gender studies into the future.

Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890) was a British explorer, geographer, translator and diplomat. Burton's best-known achievements include a well-documented journey to Mecca, in disguise; an unexpurgated translation of One Thousand and One Nights; the publication of the Kama Sutra in English and an expedition with J. H. Spake to discover the source of Nile. Musaicum Books present his greatest works as an author, translator and explorer. His works and the works about his life act as the true legacy of his untamed travel spirit and eternal curiosity. Content Translations: Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Book of Thousand Nights and A Night (Complete Edition) The Perfumed Garden of the Cheikh Nefzaoui Ananga Ranga Vikram and the Vampire Travel Writings: First Footsteps in East Africa Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah To the Gold Coast for Gold Two Trips to Gorilla Land and the Cataracts of the Congo Unexplored Syria Historical Research: A New System of Sword Exercise for Infantry The Sentiment of the Sword: A Country-House Dialogue Poetry: The Kasîdah of Hâjî Abdû El-Yezdî The Gulistan of Sa'di Priapeia Carmina of Caius Valerius Catullus Poem to His Wife Alma Minha Gentil, Que Te Partiste Em Quanto Quiz Fortuna Que Tivesse Eu Cantarei De Amor Tao Docemente No Mundo Poucos Annos, E Cansados Que Levas, Cruel Morte? Hum Claro Dia Ah! Minha Dinamene! Assim Deixaste Biography and Further Readings: Life of Sir Richard Burton by Thomas Wright Romance of Isabel Lady Burton: The Story of Her Life Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile by J. H. Speke What Led to the Discovery of the Nile by J. H. Speke Arabian Society in the Middle Ages Behind the Veil in Persia and Turkish Arabia

"In tide of yore and in time long gone before, there was a King of the Kings of the Banu Sásán in the Islands of India and China, a Lord of armies and guards and servants and dependents . . . So he succeeded to the empire; when he ruled the land and forded it over his lieges with justice so exemplary that he was beloved by all the peoples of his capital and of his kingdom." The Book of the Thousand Nights and A Night is a collection of Middle Eastern, West Asian and South Asian stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as the Arabian Nights.The stories proceed from an original tale of ruler Shahryār and his wife Scheherazade where some stories are framed within other stories, while others begin and end of their own accord. This edition contains more than 1001 tales of romance, erotica, supernatural and adventure along with copious notes transport you into the land of magic and nostalgia.

"In tide of yore and in time long gone before, there was a King of the Kings of the Banu Sásán in the Islands of India and China, a Lord of armies and guards and servants and dependents . . . So he succeeded to the empire; when he ruled the land and forded it over his lieges with justice so exemplary that he was beloved by all the peoples of his capital and of his kingdom."_x000D_ The Book of the Thousand Nights and A Night is a collection of Middle Eastern, West Asian and South Asian stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as the Arabian Nights.The stories proceed from an original tale of ruler Shahryār and his wife Scheherazade where some stories are framed within other stories, while others begin and end of their own accord. This edition contains more than 1001 tales of romance, erotica, supernatural and adventure along with copious notes transport you into the land of magic and nostalgia.

The first anthropological collection that reveals patterns of male and female homosexuality in the Muslim World The dramatic impact of Islamic fundamentalism in recent years has skewed our image of Islamic history and culture. Stereotypes depict Islamic societies as economically backward, hyper-patriarchal, and fanatically religious. But in fact, the Islamic world encompasses a great diversity of cultures and a great deal of variation within those cultures in terms of gender roles and sexuality. The first collection on this topic from a historical and anthropological perspective, Homosexuality in the Muslim World reveals that patterns of male and female homosexuality have existed and often flourished within the Islamic world. Indeed, same-sex relations have, until quite recently, been much more tolerated under Islam than in the Christian West. Based on the latest theoretical perspectives in gender studies, feminism, and gay studies, Homosexuality in the Muslim World includes cultural and historical analyses of the entire Islamic world, not just the so-called Middle East. Essays show both age-stratified patterns of homosexuality, as revealed in the erotic and romantic poetry of medieval poets, and gender-based patterns, in which both men and women might, to varying degrees, choose to live as members of the opposite sex. The contributors draw on historical documents, literary texts, ethnographic observation and direct observation by both Muslim and non-Muslim authors to show the considerable diversity of Islamic societies and the existence of tolerated gender and sexual variances.