A variety of processing methods are used to make foods edible; to pennit storage; to alter texture and flavor; to sterilize and pasteurize food; and to destroy microorganisms and other toxins. These methods include baking, broiling, cooking, freezing, frying, and roasting. Many such efforts have both beneficial and harmful effects. It is a paradox of nature that the processing of foods can improve nutrition, quality, safety, and taste, and yet occasionally lead to the formation of anti-nutritional and toxic compounds. These multifaceted consequences of food processing arise from molecular interactions among nutrients with each other and with other food ingredients. Since beneficial and adverse effects of food processing are of increasing importance to food science, nutrition, and human health, and since many of the compounds formed have been shown to be potent carcinogens and growth inhibitors in animals, I organized a symposium broadly concerned with the nutritional and toxicological consequences of food processing. The symposium was sponsored by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) -Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) for its annual meeting in Washington, D.C., April 1-5, 1990. Invited speakers were asked to develop at least one of the following topics: 1. Nutrient-nonnutrient interactions between amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, tannins, fiber, natural toxicants, etc. 2. Effects of radiation. 3. Thermally induced formation of dietary mutagens, antimutagens, carcinogens, anticarcinogens, antioxidants, and growth inhibitors. 4. Effects of pH on nutritional value and safety.

This handbook is intended to be a comprehensive reference for the various chemical aspects of foods and food products. Apart from the traditional knowledge, this book covers the most recent research and development of food chemistry in the areas of functional foods and nutraceuticals, organic and genetically modified foods, nonthermal food processing as well as nanotechnology. This handbook contains both the basic and advanced chemistry both for food research and its practical applications in various food related industries and businesses. This book is appropriate for undergraduates and postgraduates in the academics and professionals from the various disciplines and industries who are interested in applying knowledge of food chemistry in their respective fields.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Process-Induced Food Toxicants combines the analytical, health, and risk management issues relating to all of the currently known processing-induced toxins that may be present in common foods. It considers the different processing methods used in the manufacture of foods, including thermal treatment, drying, fermentation, preservation, fat processing, and high hydrostatic pressure processing, and the potential contaminants for each method. The book discusses the analysis, formation, mitigation, health risks, and risk management of each hazardous compound. Also discussed are new technologies and the impact of processing on nutrients and allergens.

Zinc: Early Development, Applications, and Emerging Trends is a comprehensive book covering various aspects of the metallic element zinc that has a significant role in the growth and survival of humans. The United Nations Organization has aptly declared it as a ‘Life-Saving Material’ since it helps in overcoming infections and strengthening the immune system. Zinc is an essential element next to iron, aluminum, and copper with abundant presence in nature, and is worth billions of dollars commercially. Besides the metal, its compounds and nanoparticles have also become attractive to researchers due to their enormous applications. The industrial and agricultural uses of the metal and its compounds are widespread. An exclusive book covering all important aspects of zinc is yet to hit the market. This book, with contributions from experts in geology, chemistry, medicine (including dentistry and traditional systems), agriculture, veterinary science, biology, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology encompassing the latest developments in their fields related to zinc, fills this void. The uniqueness of the book is its interdisciplinary nature and potential use by researchers, students, and teachers of various specialties. Features: Contributes to a better understanding of the complexities of zinc’s role in various branches of science Contains basic and practical information for a wider audience and researchers of different fields besides those interested in zinc Provides detailed information on the usefulness of zinc in prophylaxis and treatment of diseases in modern medicine, dentistry, and traditional systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, as well as veterinary medicine Highlights zinc’s role in agriculture and food science with various crops and nutritive materials Includes chapters on fast-growing areas – nanotechnology and bioinformatics

Worldwide, soybean seed proteins represent a major source of amino acids for human and animal nutrition. Soybean seeds are an important and economical source of protein in the diet of many developed and developing countries. Soy is a complete protein, and soy-foods are rich in vitamins and minerals. Soybean protein provides all the essential amino acids in the amounts needed for human health. Recent research suggests that soy may also lower risk of prostate, colon and breast cancers as well as osteoporosis and other bone health problems, and alleviate hot flashes associated with menopause. This volume is expected to be useful for student, researchers and public who are interested in soybean.

Protease inhibitors (PIs) are widely distributed in plants and animals, and have a variety of functions, which include preventing digestion of seeds by insects and modifying blood clotting in animals. After it was noted that synthetic and natural inhibitors suppress two-stage carcinogenesis and breast cancer, extensive work investigating PIs as chemopreventive agents was started. PIs are unique in that they interfere with cancer development in a variety of ways, including suppression of oxygen radicals, oncogenes, and metastases. Epidemiologic evidence supports their prevention of major human cancers in populations that consume foods containing them. Their supervised use in humans is on the threshold of development. The epidemiologic discovery of the importance of lentils and other seeds rich in PIs in preventing many human cancers allowed us to look at the action of PIs as chemopreventive agents, as reviewed in Chapter I (Fontham and Correa). Chapter 2 (Kennedy) discusses the role of natural PIs (e. g. , the Bowman-Birk inhibitor) as anticarcinogens and the possible limitations of their use. In Chapter 3 (Kennedy), the transformation of C3HI lOTlh cells caused by carcinogens and promoters is shown to be suppressed by PIs. Bowman (Chapter 4) relates the discovery of inhibitors in soybeans that are distinct from the Kunitz inhibitor, and the occurrence of a similar inhibitor in peanuts and other legumes. Chapter 5 (Birk) is an overview of PIs of plant origin and their role in human nutrition.